Chapter 1 of Class 6th Math is all about Numbers. Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Math Knowing Our Numbers is prepared for sixth-grade students by experienced Math teachers. In order to grasp that, students should focus on the fundamentals. NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Math Chapter 1 will assist students in preparing for academic and competitive exams.

The MSVGo app's NCERT Solutions Class 6 Math Chapter 1 not only helps you learn the main aspects of Numbers, but it also helps you deal with questions by giving visualization and animated videos. Students can increase their knowledge, grasping power, and fundamental abilities by using the MSVGo App.

Download the MSVGo App to gain a better understanding of all the exercise questions.

Class 6 chapter 5 is Understanding Elementary Shapes. The chapter teaches students how to measure a line segment, about different types of polygons and their properties, triangles and their types. The new concept of angle and its measurement is introduced. A slight gist of solid or 3 D shapes towards the end of the chapter. MSVGo is a one-stop solution to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the subject at a very affordable price. All the topics of class 6th science are effortlessly explained on the MSVGo app. We provide notes, videos, numerous practice questions, and NCERT solutions for each chapter from class 6th to 12th. Download the MSVgo App for free and kickstart your journey of becoming a champ.

Students can utilize NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 to help them prepare for academic and competitive exams. Class 6th Maths Chapter 7 appears to be a little difficult for kids because various sub-topics deal with multiple types of fractions. Students should concentrate on knowing the basics to grasp that. 

The NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 by the Msvgo app helps you understand the essential parts of Fraction, but it also assists you in dealing with difficult questions by providing visualizations and animated videos. Using the Msvgo App, students can improve their knowledge, grasping power, and fundamental abilities. NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 are provided in the Msvgo App, demonstrating the proper technique for achieving good Math scores.

Decimals constitute the 8th chapter of the sixth-class NCERT textbook. It introduces students to the other set of numbers in the number system, namely decimals. Students will learn how to divide unit place numbers through this chapter. The earlier taught concepts of fractions will be used to explain decimals in more details. How to apply arithmetic operations like subtraction to decimals will be taught. 

Decimals are a very important chapter of mathematics; they are the fundamental part of higher level mathematics that will be taught in the higher classes. Students should learn and practice questions on decimals to make their basics clear. 

MSVGo is a one-stop solution to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the subject at a very affordable price. All the topics of Class 6 science are effortlessly explained on the MSVGo app. We provide notes, videos, numerous practice questions, and NCERT solutions for each chapter from classes 6 to 12. Download the MSVgo app for free and kickstart your journey to becoming a champ.

MSVGo’s Chapter 12 Class 6th Ratio and Proportion helps students understand the concepts thoroughly. Students can use NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Mathematics Chapter 12 to help them prepare for academic and competitive exams. 

On the MSVGo app, each NCERT Solution is available to make studying easier and more enjoyable. Students may also learn more about ratio and proportion by using visualisations and animated films provided in the app. This will help them answer more questions and be less afraid to participate in class. They will also be able to retain their learnings wel.

In everyday life, we find many objects with perfect, properly balanced shapes. One of the key factors behind it is symmetry.

To understand this better, let us say you have a square sheet of cardboard. Draw a line through its centre, which is parallel to any of its sides. If you fold it along that line, you will see that the two halves are mirror images of each other, and the line at the centre is called the line of symmetry. 

Now, a shape can have many lines of symmetry. The more lines of symmetry a shape has, the better balanced it is.

In this chapter, we will explore the concept of symmetry in detail. Here are a few topics we shall cover:

1. 1. Identifying Lines of Symmetry in Given Figures

   2. Figures with Multiple Lines of Symmetry

   3. Reflection and Symmetry

   4. Types of Symmetry

   5. Some common shapes and their lines of symmetry.

Let us get started.

All kinds of shapes surround us. Each figure is composed of straight or curved lines of varying lengths and inclined at different angles. Hence, we must draw them using a set of geometrical tools, such as:

1. 1. Ruler: The ruler's straight edge can be used to draw line segments of various lengths.

   2. Compass: This is used to mark off equal lengths without measuring them.

   3. Divider: This is used to compare lengths.

   4. Set-Squares: This is used to draw perpendicular and parallel lines.

   5. Protractor: This is used to draw and measure angles.

In this chapter, we will learn to draw different geometrical figures using the ruler and compass mostly. To achieve better results:

• • Draw thin lines and mark points lightly.

  • Maintain instruments with sharp tips and fine edges.

In this chapter, we shall discuss:

1. 1. Circle

   2. Line Segment

   3. To construct a copy of a given line segment

   4. Perpendicular segments

• • Perpendicular to a line through a point on it (using a compass and a scale)

  • Perpendicular to a line through a point not on it (using a compass and ruler)

  • Perpendicular bisector of a line segment (using a compass and ruler)

5. Angles

• • Angles of specific measures

  • Angle bisector

  • Construction of a copy of an angle of unknown measure

6. Some angles of special measures

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 2 aids in the comprehension of concepts described in the NCERT Class 6 Science textbook. Fill in the blanks, true or false, and long answer questions, along with the detailed answers we provide will help you in gaining complete knowledge of the concepts. These NCERT solutions help you gain extra knowledge on various aspects of food provided in Chapter 2 of the Class 6 Science textbook.

Topics covered in this Chapter 2 Components of Food

• Components of Food
• What are the Nutritive Properties of Various Foods?
• How do Nutrients Help Our Body?
• Balanced Diet
• Deficiency Diseases

NCERT Solutions Chapter 4, Sorting Materials into Groups, for Class 6 by MSVgo assists students to gain a thorough understanding of all concepts. Each NCERT Solution is offered on the MSVgo App to make study easy and interesting. It also assists students in preparing for both academic and competitive exams. The MSVgo App aims to help students increase their knowledge, grasping power, and problem-solving skills.

Topics covered in class 6 science chapter 4

The following topics and sub-topics are covered in this chapter:

Chapter 7 ‘Getting to Know Plants’ for Class 6 is an exciting and essential chapter in your Science syllabus. This chapter discusses the relevance and importance of plants, their types, different parts of a plant, and their critical processes such as transpiration and photosynthesis and their causes. 

The NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 ‘Getting to Know Plants’ covers the following topics:

• What are plants?

1. Herbs, shrubs, and trees
2. Creepers and climbers
3. Algae and mosse

• Stem
• Leaf
• Different parts of the leaf
• Transpiration
• Photosynthesis
• Root and its types
• Flower and its types & functions
• Seed and its parts 
• Food
• Conclusion

Class 6 Science Chapter 8 is Body Movements. It talks about the various concepts and learnings about body movements. You can find the detailed explanations and solutions for the chapter in this article that will help you in the various aspects of the chapter to understand the anatomy concepts for the class. 

The NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 8 helps students access several questions and solutions, including matching the following, filling in the blanks, descriptive questions answers, and true or false. You can find the answers in the article to ace your Class 6 exam.

The NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 8 Body Movements will help you learn about the cartilage, bones and the structure of the skeleton and bones in the human body. It also includes details about locomotion in fish, alternate contraction, insects, earthworms, and snails.

One of the most important things that scientists do is to perform experiments. Experiments are done by taking 'measurements'. Taking a measurement is assigning a numerical value to something that can be measured, such as length, mass, temperature, or volume. Determining the length, size, or amount of a measurable thing is known as measurement.

A physical quantity (such as length) must be measured against another physical quantity. A thing moving in relation to another is considered to be in motion. For example, when a car runs along the road, it moves in relation to the trees and poles, which are 'not moving.'
When the location of an object (with relation to another item) varies over time, it is said to be in motion.

Fun with Magnets is Chapter 13 of the Class 6 NCERT textbook. This chapter introduces you to the exciting world of magnets. It comprises topics related to magnetism, the discovery of a magnet, magnetic and non-magnetic material, poles of magnets, and properties of the magnet.

A magnet is an object that attracts magnetic substances like iron, nickel and does not attract non-magnetic substances like wood, plastic, etc. You will be amazed to know that magnets are made from magnetic substances like iron; it was discovered accidentally.

Let's dive in detail into the world of magnets:

Class 9 Mathematics Chapter 4

 The NCERT maths class 9 chapter 4 includes the following topics:

1. How were magnets discovered?

2. Magnetic and non-magnetic materials

3. What is magnetic force?

4. Poles of magnet

5. Properties of magnetic poles

5. How to find directions using a magnet

6. How to make your magnet

7. Applications of magnets

8. FAQs

Chapter 14 Science Class 6 teaches students about one of the major necessities for the survival of living organisms on earth: Water. The importance of water, its various natural and man-made sources, its misuse and its conservation methods have been discussed thoroughly. The concept of the water cycle is also explained in this chapter. Processes like evaporation, transpiration and condensation are discussed in terms of the water cycle. The concepts of rain, flood and drought are mentioned briefly.

Topics covered in this chapter 15 

1. Introduction

2. What is air made of?

3. How is the oxygen in the atmosphere replaced? 

4. How does oxygen become available to animals and plants living in water and soil?

5. Conclusion

Topics covered in Chapter 16 

1. Introduction

2. Dealing with garbage

3. Vermicomposting

4. Think and throw

5. Recycling of paper

6. Plastics - boon or curse?

6. Conclusion

Class 7 maths chapter 1 is about integers. It deals with the various comprehensive concepts and detailed learnings related to integers. You will find elaborate explanations and solutions for the chapter in this article that will help you understand the topic easily.

The NCERT solutions for class 7 maths chapter 1 help students improve their scores by understanding the topic to the fullest. It also helps students access several practice questions and detailed solutions to the same. Some of these include fill-in-the-blanks, match-the-following, and true-or-false. All the questions in this chapter are divided according to concepts and sorted based on difficulty levels. 

The NCERT solutions for class 7 maths chapter 1 integers will teach you all about the addition and subtraction of the integers, their properties, the commutativity and associativity of integers, and the distributive laws. It comprises details about the various concepts of integers and their integration.

Class 7 Maths Chapter 4 is Simple Equations. This chapter explains various concepts of equations and their solutions. Students will find detailed explanations and solutions about the chapter in this article that will help them understand the anatomy of the various concepts for the class. 

The NCERT solutions for class 7 maths chapter 4 help students with solutions so that they can score good marks in the maths examination. NCERT solutions contain questions, answers, images, explanations of the complete Chapter 4 Simple Equations of maths taught in class 7. 

The fifth chapter in Maths, for Class 7 is lines and angles. It talks about the various concepts and learnings about lines and angles. You can find the detailed explanations and solutions for the chapter in this article that will help you with the various aspects. The NCERT solutions for class 7 maths chapter 5 help students prepare with chapter-wise differentiation so that students can go through each subject more conveniently. It also provides all solutions to questions asked in the prescribed textbook. 

NCERT solutions provide constructed study material that helps students improve their scores and understand the subjects more deeply. The solutions also help students access several questions, including match the following, fill in the blanks, descriptive questions, and true or false. 

The NCERT solutions of chapter 5 will provide you with the knowledge about lines and angles; different types of angles, complementary angles, adjacent angles, linear pairs, various pairs of lines, which helps students understand the various angles of geometry in maths.

In this chapter, we shall learn more about the topic, ‘Properties Of Triangle’ for Class 7. The triangle is a familiar geometric figure. Various shapes, such as a pyramid or even a hut, are triangular. Get ready to explore this important figure.

Exponents and Powers: An Overview

When the numbers are really huge, such as 54,32,00,00,000, reading them is difficult, thus we express them as exponents. Exponents make it simple to read, write, interpret, and compare these numbers.

Msvgo's Chapter 1 Nutrition In Plants assists students in thoroughly understanding the concepts. Nutrition in plants is an excellent conceptual chapter for students of Class 7. Students can access these Solutions, which will help them develop a solid foundation in plant nutrition. Students can use the Msvgo App to improve their understanding, grasping power, and fundamental abilities and can be used by students to help them prepare for academic and competitive exams. They can learn more about Nutrition in Plants, utilising the app's visualisations and animated films.

The solutions provided are equally effective for a student because they are accessible from anywhere, at any time through the app. As a result, their grades will improve, and they will grasp concepts more effectively.

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

Human beings' fundamental needs include food, shelter, and clothes. Let us talk about clothing and why it is significant. Clothes protect our bodies from the environment. They protect us from pest bites and enhance our appearance. People dress differently depending on where they are and what the weather is like. Clothes are created from a variety of materials. Cotton saris are made of cotton, leather jackets are made of leather, sweaters are made of wool, and so on.

People dressed in bark, leaves, and animal fur during the beginning of mankind. When humans first settled down as farmers, they wore garments made of braided vines and animal fleece. Flax and cotton were then woven into clothing in the next step. People just draped the cloth to cover themselves at the time. Only with the invention of the needle did people begin to wear sewn clothing. Even today, in ancient civilizations such as India, individuals wear unstitched clothes such as turbans, saris, and dhotis.

Fiber is a material that comes in the shape of a thin and continuous thread. Yarn is a drawn and twisted strand of fiber used to manufacture fiber. Fabrics are formed of yarns, while yarns are made of fibers. A loom is used to weave cloth out of yarn. A loom may be either a power loom or a handloom. Clothes are made from fibers. Two strands are used together, one lengthwise and the other across. Weft refers to the crosswise yarn.

In this chapter, students learn about fabrics like wool and silk – how they are made using animal fibers, the process of extraction of silk. Fibers are found in both plants and animals. Natural fibers account for more than half of all fibers produced. Cotton, hair, fur, silk, and wool are examples of natural fibers. Other fibers are produced. Manufactured fibers are classified into two types: regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers. Regenerated fibers are created by processing natural resources to build a fiber structure. Regenerated fibers, also known as cellulosics, are made from the cellulose found in cotton and wood pulp. Rayon and acetate are two of the most prevalent regenerated fibers.

Synthetic fibers are totally made of chemicals. Synthetic fibers are often more durable than natural or regenerated fibers. Thermoplastic fibers, such as synthetic fibers and regenerated acetate fibers, are softened by heat. As a result, producers may shape these fibers at high temperatures, including characteristics such as pleats and creases. If a hot iron is used on synthetic fibers, they will melt. Nylon (polyamide), polyester, acrylic, and olefin are the most common synthetic fibers.

The different types of fabrics are silk, which is a natural fiber that is created by insects as a material for nests and cocoons. Silkworms produce the most prevalent sort of silk. Silk is a material that is noted for its sheen and softness. It is formed mostly of a protein called fibroin.

Wool is a fabric made from the hair of animals such as sheep, goats, alpacas, llamas, and others. Wool materials include cashmere, angora, mohair, and others. Wool is a warm, absorbent, and long-lasting material. It is water-resistant because of the lanolin oils found in animals, and it is often used to manufacture outerwear and cold-weather clothing such as sweaters and jackets.

Cotton fabric is manufactured from plant fibers derived from the cotton plant. Cotton is a soft and fluffy substance made mostly of cellulose, an insoluble organic component essential to the plant structure. Cotton fabric is comfortable and long-lasting, and it is often used to produce t-shirts and underwear. Organic cotton, denim, and canvas are a few examples of cotton fabrics.

Linen is a durable, lightweight fabric derived from the flax plant. Linen is inherently hypoallergenic and breathable, making it an excellent fabric for summer clothing.

Jute is a coarse natural plant fiber derived from the jute plant that is used to weave garments such as burlap cloth. Jute is a popular fabric for carpets and burlap sacks.

In Chapter 3, Fiber To Fabric, Class 7 students learn about answers to questions like:

Do some of our clothes come from animal sources?

Which are these animals? 

Who rears them? 

Which parts of the animals yield the yarn? 

How is the yarn extracted? 

What kinds of clothes help us to keep warm? 

What is heat? 

What is the meaning of ‘cool’/‘cold’ and ‘warm’ ‘hot’?

Topics Covered in this Chapter: Acids, Bases and Salts:

1. Introduction

2. Acids

3. Bases

4. Salts

5. Natural Indicators

   1. Neutralisation in Everyday Life

   2. Frequently Asked Questions

   3. Conclusion

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Physical Changes

3. Chemical Changes

4. Process of Chemical Changes

5. Rusting of Iron

6. Crystallisation

7. Frequently Asked Questions

8. Conclusion

Class 7th Science Chapter 8  Winds, Storms and Cyclones is a very interesting topic for students. It has some of the important concepts related to winds and storms, which are useful in real life. The syllabus for this topic is prepared by expert teachers by updating the current CBSE syllabus. Some of the topics you will learn are:

Topics Covered in this Chapter

1. Introduction
2. Importance of Respiration
3. Cellular Respiration
4. Types of Respiration
5. Respiration in Human Beings
6. Breathing In
7. Breathing Out
8. Respiration in other animals
9. Respiration in Plants

Topics covered in this chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants:

1. Introduction 
2. Transportation In Animals
3. Circulatory System
4. Excretion In Animals
5. Transport of Substance in Plants
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. Conclusion

Topics covered in the chapter - Reproduction In Plants.

1. Introduction
2. Types of Reproduction
3. Parts of a flower
4. Types of Flower
5. Ways of Reproduction in a flower
6. Fertilisation
7. Fruit and seed formation
8. Germination of Seed
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. Conclusion

Motion and Time are among the most popular concepts in Physics. The concept of motion and rest only applies to objects that have mass. Motion and time are two interdependent quantities that are written out as mathematical numbers in detail. The SI unit of speed and velocity is metres per second. These concepts are very useful in day to day applications. Some of the sub-topics taught in this chapter are mentioned below.

Ncert class 7 science chapter 14 - Electric Current and its Effects gives us critical insights into the concept of electric current and its flow. The syllabus has been prepared by expert educators and teachers to help Class 7 science students understand the concepts better.

Important topics covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource 

• Introduction
• How much water is available
• Types of water
• Groundwater as an important source of water
• Depletion of the water table
• Increasing population
• Distribution of water
• Increasing industries
• Agricultural activities
• Water management
• Water-wise habits
• What role you can play
• Effect of water scarcity on plants

Chapter 18 of Class 7th science is about the story of wastewater. Water is essential to everyone's existence. The chapter briefly discusses the process of converting wastewater into usable water, as well as the steps to reuse and recycle wastewater. Each subtopic in Science Chapter 18 aids students in gaining a quick understanding of all the significant ideas.

Topics Covered in Class 7 Science Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Following are the topics and sub-topics covered in this chapter.

CBSE is the most preferred board in India for school education. The syllabus, followed by CBSE, is designed according to the NCERT recommendations. The council aims to provide a holistic foundation-level education to prepare students for an enriched future. Today, over 20,000 schools in India are under the CBSE system.
Fortunately,  supplementing the CBSE pattern of studies has become pretty easy nowadays. Several online guides can help improve your performance by supplementing your school studies.
MSVgo is an e-learning app that makes learning easy through solutions mapped in a structured way.

Data handling is essential for eighth-grade students to clear their doubts and perform well in exams. Students can use these solutions to obtain a better knowledge of the subject. MSVGo provides these NCERT solutions to help students solve problems and gain a better understanding of related disciplines and overcome their fear of mathematics. 

Students can also view the NCERT Class 8 Maths Solutions for Data Handling Chapter 5 online or download the PDF version by following the links. 

Data management is an important concept for maintaining the integrity of research data. Whatever subject we are studying, we have data in the form of a numerical figure. Observation is the name given to each value of this kind. 

Data is the term used to describe the collection of all observations. To handle what is referred to as data, a variety of data management strategies are employed, which will be discussed in this chapter and succeeding classes. Subject experts created these data handling solutions in compliance with the CBSE syllabus for 2022–22, as mandated by the board.

The chapter cubes and cube roots is an integral part of the mathematics syllabus of class 8. To understand the topic fully, students must take the help of precise and easy-to-understand NCERT solutions.

Let’s explore a concept from everyday life: proportionality! If a change in one physical phenomenon creates a predictable change in another phenomenon, they are related. The change happens proportionally, either in the same direction or opposite directions. Learn more about this in NCERT Maths Chapter 13 – Direct and Inverse Proportions.

Topics Covered in Chapter 13 – Direct and Inverse Proportions

You find numbers all around you. The hours in a day or the distance from your home to school, all are expressed as numbers. How do you find the score when watching a cricket or football match? All the scores in the sports are numbers that follow certain rules. When you know how to play with numbers it becomes much easier to perform simple calculations quickly. The Class 8 math Chapter 16 has been developed to help you learn some basic calculations, and how you can quickly perform these calculations. 

The chapter is titled “Playing with Numbers” and contains some fun ways to help you understand the following topics.

• General form of expression for numbers.

• Replacement of letters with numbers when calculating.

• Divisibility tests for numbers.

Here, we take a quick look at these concepts and then see the NCERT solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 16 exercises.

Have you ever noticed greenish slippery patches on concrete pathways after a rainfall? Or greyish black patches on old slices of bread? Both of these are examples of microorganisms or minute living organisms in our everyday environment, which can only be seen using an instrument called a microscope. In this chapter, we will understand microorganisms and their importance for human beings. We will also learn how to distinguish good microorganisms from harmful ones.

Topics covered in NCERT Solutions Chapter 2 - Microorganisms: Friend And Foe 

1. Introduction

2. Types of microorganisms:

• • Friendly microorganisms
  • harmful microorganisms

3. How to prevent the growth of microbes in food

4. Where are microorganisms found

5. Uses of microorganisms to humans

• • Fermentation
  • Medicine 
  • Soil Fertility 
  • Decomposition

6. Diseases caused by microorganisms in 

   • Humans
   • Plants
   • Animals
     
     
7. Nitrogen fixation and decomposition function of microorganism

The class 8 science chapter 6- combustion and flame is one of the important topics of the science syllabus. NCERT solutions for combustion and flame offer an interacting way of preparing for different sub-topics in detail.

Topic covered in this chapter 6- combustion and flame (Content Table)

NCERT Class 8th science chapter 6 includes eight different topics that include:

This chapter is about conserving plants and animals. It is an integral part of the class 8th science syllabus that includes multiple topics. So, here are quick NCERT solutions to the conservation of plants and animals in a formal but exciting way. Let us start with the main topics covered in this chapter.

Topics covered in chapter 7- Conservation of Plants and Animals (Content Table)

The MSVgo app's class 8 science chapter 8 Cell Structure and Function solutions not only help you learn about cell functioning, but also give you confidence to tackle challenging questions with the help of visuals and animated videos. The cells inside the body and their functioning can’t be understood clearly without using visual aids. Cell Structure and Function is one of the fundamental chapters that one should master before their higher secondary course.

The NCERT solutions for class 8 science chapter Cell Structure and Function chapter have subtopics that deal with the discovery of cells, the variations in cells, structure and parts of cells, functioning of cells and so on. Students may increase their knowledge, grasping strength, and fundamental abilities by using the MSVgo App.

The following topics and subtopics are covered in the Cell Structure and Functions chapter:

Systematically collecting and analyzing data is the basis for science's pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world. One of the most important resources available to eighth-graders is friction. The precise solutions provided by our subject experts cover all the questions of Chapter 12 Class 8 Friction. All the questions are explained in detail without being too complicated. These solutions will help students grasp the concept of friction. 

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science presented by MSVGo will help students do well in the upcoming board exams. These solutions help students become more familiar with the chapter in an engaging way. Students can explore and visualize the concept using the NCERT Solutions for Class 8th Science Chapter 12. 

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Chapter 12 on Friction: Students will understand Chapter 12 on Friction in an easy-to-understand language that answers all the questions in the NCERT textbook.

Ever wondered how the sound is produced? Or, how does the sound travel? Is it not a question, how do we listen to the sound? Or what are the harms of noise pollution? 

Your Class 8 Science ‘chapter 13,’ “Sound”, is an essential chapter that deals with the science behind sound, among other exciting aspects of the topic. Once you’re done studying the chapter, consider solving questions given by NCERT at the end of the chapter. You will find NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science, ‘Chapter 13’ - “Sound’ on this page. 

The answer is curated by experts at MSVgo and is written in an easy-to-understand and simplified language with 100% accuracy. Practising these solutions can make the 8th graders exam-ready with conceptual clarity.

Light is the 16th chapter of class 8th NCERT textbook. In this chapter, you will learn about the topics related to laws of reflection state, regular reflection, diffuse reflection and much more. 

You can learn this pretty easily and quickly by opting for the MVSgo app where the learning is made fun and simple by following a set structure and offering numerous science games which will make studies no more a boring affair.

There are various solved exercises as it will save a lot of time because you will not have to go anywhere else for finding their answers. The answers are written by the science experts, all you need is to learn them and perform well in your exams.

In this article, we shall discuss NCERT Class 8 Science chapter 17 – Stars and the Solar System. Celestial bodies comprise planets, the moon, stars and other heavenly bodies. Astronomy is a discipline of science concerned with the study of celestial bodies and their occurrence. One of the celestial body observations that we may make is the change in the moon's shape every day. The full moon day is when the entire circle of the moon is visible. The moon's phases are the several shapes of the luminous part of the moon observed for a month.

A number in mathematics is a value for measuring, counting, and labelling objects. The class 9 maths chapter 1 defines the number system, which is an important topic as the entire computer architecture, digital systems depend on the number system.

Fortunately, supplementing the CBSE pattern of studies is easy today. Several online guides offer solutions to student queries. For example, the MSVgo is an online learning app that makes learning easy through solutions mapped to the NCERT syllabus and CBSE board. A question bank of 10000+ questions, 15000+ videos, and interactive learning methods helps students learn concepts in minutes.

Topics in class 9 maths chapter 1

Numbers have several categories, like natural numbers, whole numbers, rational and irrational numbers and integers. Similarly, there are different types of number systems for performing various mathematical operations, each with specific properties.

1)  Numbers

1. Natural numbers

2. Whole numbers

3. Integers

4. Rational number

5. Irrational number

6. Real number

7. Number symbol

2)  Number System

1. Types of number systems

2. Number line

3. Decimal number system

4. Binary  number system

5. Octal number system

6. Hexadecimal number system

7. Converting decimal to binary

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

Chapter 3 of class 9 is Coordinate Geometry.

A point on a plane, known usually as a Cartesian plane or coordinate plane, can be represented through an ordered pair of real numbers. The unit of mathematics that deciphers geometrical problems using the coordinate system is called coordinate geometry.

Lessons in this chapter are –

• Introduction to coordinate geometry
• Explanation of Cartesian System
• Plotting a point on a plane based on coordinates given

Exercises of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Chapter 3 Coordinate Geometry

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

Everything in our environment is formed of matter. For example, Wood, paper, and even humans are formed of matter. All of the stuff in our environment is not pure. It might be either pure or impure. We will attempt to figure out if the substance around us is pure or not and what methods we might use to get a pure material. To begin with, let us learn some basics of the Class 9th Science Chapter 2.

When we study chemistry, terms such as molecules, atoms, ions, and many more keep bouncing around in the air. They are significant and have very precise meanings in the world of science.

As asked in the Atoms And Molecules Class 9th NCERT chapter, do atoms and molecules have a large impact on the world around us? Do we need to know about them to improve our understanding of the science environment?

Atoms and molecules class 9 NCERT is an important topic that lays the foundation of chemistry in the years ahead. 

All of these questions with their atoms and molecules class 9th NCERT solutions will be answered in the chapter, Atoms and Molecules, the gist of which is given below.

Scientists have discovered that for the matter to be formed, we will need atoms and molecules since they are the fundamental structures of matter. But when they chose to dive deeper into this field and find out the structure of an atom and understand the properties it holds, scientists of the 19th century had to face several challenges. Over time, it was known that an atom was an indivisible and complex particle and contained other subatomic particles such as electrons, represented as 'e–' and protons as 'p+'. The electron holds a negative charge and has a negligible charge, whereas the proton has a positive charge and takes one charge. Protons lie on the atom's interior while electrons remain on the exterior and can be peeled off. Though scientists had discovered answers to certain questions, the structure of an atom and the arrangement of electrons and protons inside an atom remained. The field of atoms and the science behind structures of atoms is extremely interesting and vast for you to discover. To have regular access to fun-filled and easy to understand concepts from your books, download the MSVGo app and be an MSVGo Champ today. Prepare for your exams through the easiest self-study methods and see your performance excel with the help of an easy to use NCERT solutions app that offers 15,000+ videos and 10,000+ questions.

You have learned about cells in a previous chapter and are familiar with the importance of cells in living beings. In this chapter, Ch. 6, class 9 science, we will take the concept of cells to the next step and learn about tissues. Some of the concepts we will cover in this chapter include the following.

• What tissues are, and why we need them

• Difference between plant and animal tissues

• Types of Plant Tissues

• Types of Animal Tissues

Having understood these concepts, you will find it simple to get the NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Solutions for exercises available in the textbooks.

Biological diversity, often known as biodiversity, refers to the vast array of living forms that exist on the planet. 

As per the chapter Diversity in Living Organism class 9, diversity may be characterised and quantified at three separate levels: 

• Species diversity

• Genetic variation within a species

• Ecological variation

Humans vary in their appearance and qualities such as height, skin, etc. If we were to compare ourselves to another organism like a camel or a fish, we would find that we have many differences but also many similarities.

Chapter 8 science class 9th focuses on Motion. The components of this chapter are incredibly important to understand this topic further. The chapter Motion is designed to make you understand the concept and the various laws associated with the concept of motion. 

With questions full of activities, mathematical approaches, and calculations, you can find the most important details in chapter 8 science class 9th here.

There are often times when you might not have understood the concepts the very first time. That is why we have devised this guide to introduce you to Motion which you can find in chapter 8 in Science for Class 9th.

If you are a student of Class 9th and want to understand the chapter of Motion a little better than just theories as per textbooks, then this overview of the law of motion is going to help you understand the concept better.

Force and laws of motion is an important chapter in the class 9 NCERT syllabus that covers the most basic concepts in physics: the laws of motion and the concept of force and momentum. The solutions are provided to ensure that students can save time while studying. Students can refer to the laws of motion class 9 NCERT solutions provided by MSVGo as an overview of the content in the textbook and even use it for a quick revision before the exams. Make sure also to check out various visualisations, study material, and other resources to get a strong grasp of the subject. 

Topics covered in Chapter 9 – Force and Laws of Motion (Content Table)

1. Introduction

2. Newton's First Law of Motion

3. Newton's Second and Third Law of Motion 

4. Law of Conservation of Momentum

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 science chapter 10 Gravitation are provided here. Students can refer to them while preparing and studying the chapter. These solutions can also be beneficial while revising the content before their exams. Class 9 chapter 10 science is an essential part of physics that covers the most basic concepts of gravitation on earth and the moon. It also explains how the terms mass and weight are different.

Sound is mechanical energy that allows us to hear. The vibration of various things results in the production of sound. The sound wave propagates across the medium as compressions and rarefactions. Sound waves are waves that travel in a straight line. Before we get started, let us go over some fundamentals of chapter 12 class 9th science.

Class 9th of CBSE is important because it sets the base for all the upcoming major classes. This chapter will discuss diseases and how the human body fights them. The given NCERT solutions will test students' knowledge and help them score better. 

'Why do we fall ill?' is a fundamental chapter in the CBSE Class 9th Science syllabus. This chapter covers the causes of diseases and their treatment. It also helps learners differentiate between a healthy and a disease-free body, and focuses on students' overall well-being. Students will also learn about chronic and acute diseases, and the science behind immunization.

Get the MSVgo app to access more such solutions for improved grades in CBSE Class 9th Science.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Real Numbers is the first chapter for students appearing in class 10th board exams. These NCERT solutions are prepared by our subject experts, who’ve explained every question in detail without making it too complex to understand. These solutions are prepared to make students understand the concept of real numbers easily. Every question in the exercise has a detailed step-by-step explanation, making it easier for students to prepare for the first term exam.  

In the first chapter, students are introduced to real numbers and their significance. The chapter consists of 5 different exercises where students can understand various other concepts related to real numbers, which will be useful for them in the coming future or if they plan to pursue mathematics as one of their core subjects in class 11th. Based on the solutions designed by our expert team, students can prepare for class 10th first term examination. 

To help students understand class 10 chapter 1 real numbers, all core concepts are presented in an easy-to-understand language, which will answer every query from your NCERT textbook.

You have already studied polynomials in class 10 CBSE. Polynomial is an essential subject in the curriculum. The topics include production, geometrical meaning of the zeros of polynomials etc., in Class 10th maths chapter 2 NCERT solutions.

Polynomials are very important topics in mathematics that have application in maths and other subjects such as science. In this article, we will cover most of the concepts of the NCERT solution for class 10th maths polynomials, such as the geometrical meaning of the zeros of polynomials, the relationship between zero, and the coefficient of a Polynomial, etc.

Class 10 maths polynomials is an important chapter that requires thorough preparation and practice. We have fitted our class 10 maths NCERT solutions polynomials to meet the students' needs. In this chapter, many elements of polynomials are covered. The Chapter 2 Class 10th maths NCERT solution format follows a step-by-step procedure that adds comprehended topics.

Topics Covered in this chapter: (content table)

Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables are introduced in the Class 10 CBSE syllabus and form an important part of the curriculum for Class 10 CBSE. The topics include graphical, algebraic, and equations reducible to a pair of linear equations in two variables. Here we will also cover NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables. 

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables is a critical topic that creates the base for the study of further topics in class 11 and class 12. In this article, you will find the most important concepts of NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables, as well as the formulae and properties. 

Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables is an important chapter that requires thorough understanding. We have tailored Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 NCERT Solutions to meet every need of the students. In this article, possible solutions and concepts for NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables are discussed. 

All the core concepts of Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables are elaborated here to help you understand every problem in your NCERT textbook.

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Class 10 Maths Quadratic Equations contains all important information, including questions, answers, images, examples, and so on, which will make you exam-ready without facing much trouble. All the questions of Chapter 4 Class 10 Maths Quadratic Equations exercises are solved accurately by our experts in a detailed step-by-step process to make things easier and understandable for all students appearing for the upcoming board exams. If any student aims to ace the math exam, every Chapter 4 Class 10 Maths exercise should be dealt with the utmost dedication and sincerity to achieve good marks. 

Math is one of the subjects that might appear overwhelming. However, it’s not as difficult as it seems if practised thoroughly. Quadratic equations are one of the important yet complex chapters; therefore, students should give special attention to each concept. NCERT Class 10 maths solutions will help them understand each concept and evaluate themselves to overcome their shortcomings. 

All core concepts are elaborated in easy-to-understand language to help students understand Chapter 4 Class 10 Maths Quadratic Equations. Every query from your NCERT textbook will be covered. 

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 Class 10 Arithmetic Progressions is one of the most crucial chapters of the entire NCERT class 10 maths syllabus. Our subject experts solve all the questions of Chapter 5 Class 10 Arithmetic Progressions, who’ve explained every question in detail without making it too complex to understand. These solutions are prepared to make students understand the concept of Arithmetic Progressions easily. MSVGo has carefully designed NCERT Solutions Class 10 math to help students pass the upcoming board exams with flying colours.

Math is known to be one of the scariest subjects of all; however, maths is a nightmare for some, and it’s the easiest one for others. No matter what category you belong to, the NCERT chapter 5 math solutions will help you understand every basic concept, which is essential to score higher grades and lays a strong foundation for future endeavours.

So, to help students understand Chapter 5 Class 10 Arithmetic Progressions, all core concepts are elaborated in easy-to-understand language, which will answer every query of your NCERT Textbook.

The notes for CBSE chapter 15 class 10 maths are given in this section in detail. Let's take a look at the concept of probability, experimental probability, theoretical probability, and the many terminologies used in probability. Probability is a field of mathematics that evaluates the uncertainty about the occurrence of an event via the use of numbers. The probability that an event will take place or will not take place is stated on a scale ranging from 0 to 1.

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

Chemical Reaction is defined as transforming one chemical substance into another chemical substance. In a chemical reaction, new material is produced with properties utterly different from the original one, resulting in a chemical change. For instance: rusting of iron, curdling of milk, food digestion, breathing, and so on.

• A chemical reaction is nothing more than rearranging atoms in a solution.
• Products are the new compounds created at the end of a chemical process.
• A chemical reaction is an example of burning magnesium in the air to produce magnesium oxide.

For example: O2 + 2Mg(s) gives Magnesium Oxide (MgO). MgO is a mineral that is found in the solid state. The magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sandpaper before being burned in the air. This is done to remove the basic magnesium carbonate protective layer from the magnesium ribbon's surface.

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

This chapter deals with three important concepts of chemistry: Acid, Base, and Salt. It is an important chapter for completely understanding the syllabus of class 10 and is also known to provide a basis for important reactions for other chapters as well as higher studies. The chapter- Acids And Bases Class 10 revolves around chemical reactions, balancing reactions, and theoretical elements such as definitions, tests, uses, and much more.

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

Class 10

The topic of Life Processes, for Class 10 Biology, is a critical subject covering every essential type of life process that is important for students to learn, to develop a foundational understanding of the same. The essential life processes include nutrition, metabolism, transportation, reproduction, excretion, and respiration.
This topic found in chapter 6 is prescribed by CBSE, and comes in the board examination; thereby an understanding of every aspect of the topic is inevitable. 

Life on earth is channelled by certain processes, which are  vital to sustain life, keep organisms functioning and healthy. As such, it would not be wrong to say that life processes lead to survival. Every activity performed by an organism is a “Life Process”. 

The chapter on Life Processes for Class 10 is a detailed version of different processes performed by organisms.

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

Physics is one of the toughest subjects to master. It includes lots of numerical and problem-solving skills. With lots of practice and self-study, one can master this subject. Class 11 NCERT Physics Chapter 1 Physical World is the first chapter in Physics that the students need to excel in. This content includes a detailed discussion on the latest syllabus and topic. One can get a hold of the topic by going through it. This material will help you to build interest in this subject. Before entering the difficult topics in Physics, this will help develop fundamental concepts, and you are just in the right place to do this. This article will help you to create notes for this chapter and find solutions. The content table for this topic is mentioned below.

Content Table:

CBSE Class 11 Physics Units And Measurements is an important chapter. It includes the basic units and derived units, significant figures, errors in measurement, and dimensionsional analysis. Every physical quantity stands with a unit. Starting from liters of water to weight of rice in kilograms, units are important in our daily life. Moreover, a good grasp on the dimensional analysis would help in eliminating options and solving even GATE questions without completely doing the problems.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 is an essential student guide to help in understanding the concepts of the subject without going through the entire text initially. The section, Class 11 Units And Measurements, contains solutions for textual problems as well as for advanced queries. Students can then easily solve the problems using the answer key provided. It helps in preparing for competitive examinations and problem-based examinations. This is the basic chapter, which could help a student study the subject in detail and eventually prepare for higher studies in science.

Among the many sections in the CBSE Class 11 examinations, for every problem that we need to attempt, writing the unit correctly gives us marks varying from 0.5 to 1. This increases the mark weightage. Therefore, It is essential for us to clearly understand the concepts presented in this chapter. This article outlines a thorough summary of the 10 chapters discussed in Class 11 Physics Units And Measurements.

Topics covered in this chapter

There is motion everywhere around us. Motion is the change in position of the object with time. Motion in a straight line is linear in simple terms in a one-dimensional phase. 

Class 11 Physics Ch 3 NCERT Solutions aims to explain the concepts and provide the students with the solutions to the exercise provided in NCERT. The NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a straight line is an important topic in Physics, and multiple questions on this topic are asked every year. The Motion In A Straight Line Class 11 NCERT Solutions provides a detailed approach to understanding and learning the topic.

Topics covered in the chapter

Chapter 4 in Physics for CBSE class 11 deals with Motion in a Plane. It is an important topic in the subject, not only for the main exams or the 12th grade board exams, but also for everyday life. 

To describe motion in a plane, you would need to use vector quantities instead of scalar quantities. So, first, you will be learning scalar and vector quantities and how you can use them to know how objects move across plane surfaces.

Apart from this, you will also be learning a host of other concepts related to motion, including projectile and uniform circular motion. When studying this concept, don’t forget to go through NCERT solutions for the chapter, Motion in a Plane, for class 11.

Let's now look at the contents of the chapter.

Class 11 Physics Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions

The table above shows the topics you would be studying, including scalars and vectors and the various operations, motion in a plane, projectile motion, and uniform circular motion. Let's look at each concept in detail.

Below is the chapter Class 11 Work Energy and Power:

The class 11 physics chapter 8 is an important chapter that clears your idea about gravity and other related topics. Gravity is omnipresent and is therefore very important to be aware of. This chapter will help you in getting good marks in your CBSE exams. The concept of gravity tells us why raindrops fall, why climbing uphill is more tiring than going down or why everything falls on the ground when thrown.

Topics Covered in this Chapter

Mechanical properties of solids explain the important characteristics of solids. Therefore it becomes essential to understand class 11 physics chapter 9 for your CBSE exams. The solids are rigid substances, but they can also bend or compress with a particular amount of force. However, they can also return to their original form as they are elastic.

The Class 11 physics chapter 9 introduces the child to the mechanical properties of solids. The characteristics shown by the substance under some force are the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties include the resistance of solid towards deformity and its strength. The strength of a solid is its ability to resist applied stress. Resistance of solids is the ability of deformation into various shapes. With the increase in resistance, the deforming ability decreases and vice-versa.  

There are different mechanical properties of solids such as Elasticity, Plasticity, ductility, and Strength. This chapter will get to know all important things about the Mechanical properties of solids of class 11, chapter 9.

Topics Covered in this Chapter

The Class 11 Mechanical Properties Of Fluids is a vital chapter in the CBSE Board physics class 11 syllabus. In this chapter, physical properties of liquids and gases have been discussed. Students learn about the property that differentiates solids from liquids and gases. This helps them learn about the crucial effect these have on us and the world around us. Further, in Fluid Mechanics class 11, students learn about atmospheric pressure, pressure, buoyant force, and flowing fluid. Students must be well prepared to face all kinds of questions from this part of the syllabus. 

The Mechanical Properties Of Fluids Class 11 NCERT Solutions acts as an important and extremely reliable study material to prepare for the final examination as well as for other competitive entrance examinations. Students will be able to cover most parts of the chapter following the Mechanical Properties Of Fluids NCERT Solutions. The concepts are explained in a simple way in easy to understand language. It helps students to grasp important topics in a shorter duration. When the concepts become clear to the students, they gain the confidence to perform well in their exams. Undoubtedly, it is quite crucial to be well-versed with the chapter to score well.

Topics covered in this Chapter

The chapter- Mechanical Properties of Fluids, discusses some common physical properties of liquids and gases. Because liquids and gases show the property of flowing, they are called fluids. This property distinguishes liquids and gases from solids simply.

In CBSE class 11 physics, thermal properties of matter are an important chapter to develop concepts regarding heat and temperature. It includes the concept of heat, thermal expansion, Specific heat capacity, etc. It also deals with the methods to measure temperature and various laws relating to temperature. 

Thermal Properties Of Matter Class 11 NCERT Solutions is an important student guide that helps the student to understand the concepts of the subject without going through the text at first. The section, Thermal Properties Of Matter Class 11 Solutions, contains solutions for the textual problems as well as advanced concepts. With this, students can easily solve the problems using the keys provided. It helps to prepare for competitive examinations and problem-based examinations. NCERT Solutions Class 11 Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter are a must-read to explore the basics of thermodynamics, which could help the student to prepare the subject in-depth and prepare for higher studies in science.

Topics covered in this chapter:

Table of contents

*important topics

In CBSE Class 11 Physics, Thermodynamics is an important chapter for learning about thermal energy. It includes the laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic variables, thermal processes, etc. It also deals with the working of refrigerators, heat pumps, and heat engines. 

Thermodynamics is related to the motion of particles in the presence of heat. The macroscopic properties of a system are studied in this subject. This includes pressure, volume, and temperature. Since it deals with energy and work, it is a sub-branch of physics. The chemical reactions and conversions in the presence of heat and temperature link it with chemistry as well.

As humans, we tend to sweat a lot during summer in the presence of heat. We feel hot and cold when we touch hot water and ice respectively. Hence, thermodynamics is an observable and measurable science that is related to everyday life.

Thermodynamics Class 11 Physics NCERT Solutions is an essential student guide to help understand the concepts of the subject without going through the entire text initially. The section, Thermodynamics Physics Class 11 NCERT Solutions, contains solutions for textual problems as well as advanced queries. Students can then easily solve the problems using the answer key provided. It helps in preparing for competitive examinations and problem-based examinations. Class 11 Physics Thermodynamics is a must-read to explore the basics of thermodynamics, which could help a student study the subject in detail and eventually prepare for higher studies in science.

Topics covered in this chapter

*important topics

CBSE kinetic theory of gases class 11 is an important chapter for learning about the properties of gases. It includes the behaviour of gases, kinetic theory of gases, the law of equipartition, and the concept of mean free path. The kinetic theory aims to approach the properties of gases at a molecular level. 

Kinetic theory of gases Class 11 NCERT solutions is an essential student guide to help understand the concepts of the subject without going through the entire text initially. The section, Class 11 Kinetic Theory, contains solutions for textual problems as well as advanced queries. Students can then easily solve the problems using the answer key provided. It helps in preparing for competitive examinations and problem-based examinations. Class 11 Kinetic Theory is a must-read to explore the basics of thermodynamics and atomic physics, which could help a student study the subject in detail and eventually prepare for higher studies in science.

Among the many sections in the CBSE Class 11 examination, Kinetic Theory is one of the highest-scoring topics, which increases the mark weightage. Therefore, It is essential for us to clearly understand the concepts presented in this chapter. This article outlines a thorough summary of the seven chapters discussed in Kinetic Theory Of Gases Class 11 Ncert Solutions.

Topics covered in this chapter

The chapter Oscillation Class 11 of the subject physics offers students knowledge on the rhythmic movement of any object. In Class 11 Physics Oscillations chapter provides detailed information on oscillation and related oscillatory motions. Furthermore, this chapter helps students learn about projectile motion, rectilinear motion, and other similar motions. Oscillatory motion is also commonly known as periodic motion. In this article, all the important topics covered under this chapter will be discussed for the ease of students.

Physics is a subject that is important for competitive exams like JEE, AIEEE, NEET, AIIMS, etc. Good guidance and a bunch of detailed notes play a key role to enhance students’ knowledge on the subject. Hence, it is advisable to have a strong hold over the subject. It helps students gain confidence to perform well in their exams. Motion is a topic which students learn from a much lower standard, and in the chapter of Oscillations Class 11 NCERT, students get in-depth knowledge on it. The Class 11 Physics Oscillations NCERT Solutions is a reliable guide for students to build a strong foundation on the topic. Oscillations Class 11 NCERT Solutions offers students the perfect guidance required to excel in all types of examinations, including the board exams and other competitive exams as well.

Topics covered in this Chapter

In chapter number 14 of Class 11 Physics Oscillations, the following topics are covered:

All the communication in the world requires the transmission of signals through waves. Waves are patterns that move with no actual flow of matter. The disturbance pattern of the waves has information that is transferred from one point to another. The Class 11 Physics Chapter 15 Notes discusses the properties, characteristics, and all the topics connected to waves in detail.

The Waves Class 11 NCERT Solutions aims to explain all the important concepts and provide the students with the solutions to the exercises given in NCERT. The NCERT Class 11 Waves chapter is an important topic in Physics, and multiple questions come from it. In this article, we will discuss the waves and the important topics related to them.

Topics Covered in Waves

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 1 is provided on this page for the students’ reference. You will find detailed Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Chapter 1 notes here. These are compiled by expert teachers with years of experience. The students can use the Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry notes before exams to review the chapter at a quick glance and gather the most essential points. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Notes will ensure that the students can get a quick overview of the complete chapter. Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 1 solutions are a great way to prepare for the exam. 

You will also find the Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Class 11 NCERT solutions here. These will help you better understand the material and prepare for your exam. The Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 1 Solutions are provided most concisely and clearly. With these notes, the students will be able to answer subjective and objective questions alike. Make sure that you go over these Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Class 11 notes after reading the chapter to make sure that they understand all the concepts.

Topics covered in this Chapter: (content table)

In Class 11 Chemistry, Structure Of Atom is an important chapter to develop concepts regarding the composition of substances. The smallest indivisible unit which builds up matter is the atom. The difference in the atomic composition leads to the difference in the chemical properties of elements. This chapter includes the history of the discovery of atomic particles, types of atomic models, and understanding of quantum mechanical properties like photoelectric effect and wave nature. It also deals with the famous De Broglie equation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and so on.  

Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions is an important student guide that helps students understand the subject’s concepts without going through the entire text. The section, Class 11 Chemistry Structure Of Atom, contains solutions for the textual problems as well as advanced concepts. With this, students can easily solve the problems using the keys provided. It helps to prepare for competitive examinations and problem-based examinations. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 2 are a must-read to explore microscopic particles and atomic physics, which could help the student study the subject in depth and lay the proper foundation for higher studies in science.

Topics covered in this chapter:

Table of contents

*important topics

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties is a crucial topic in chemistry covered in class 11 CBSE. The topic provides a deep understanding of concepts involved in the periodicity of the element. In this article, you will find most concepts pertaining to NCERT Solutions for Class 11 chemistry, their elements, properties, as well as formulae. 

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties is an important chapter; therefore, the students are advised to go through it thoroughly to develop a robust understanding of various concepts, which will help you score higher grades in class 11. 

We have tailored our Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties NCERT Solutions chapter to meet our student's needs, which will further help them crack entrance examinations. This chapter has been prepared by our subject experts, where many aspects of periodicity are discussed wisely. This data follows a step-by-step procedure to help extract chapter 3 notes to solve the previous year's question papers.

To help students be thorough about each concept regarding chemistry chapter 3 class 11  Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, all of the core principles are elaborated in easy-to-understand language, which will answer every query of your NCERT Textbook.

Topics covered in this Chapter- Contents table

Chemistry is popularly known as the "central science" of the universe. Everything that happens in the environment is related to Chemistry and chemical reactions. That's how Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structures come into the picture. It is one of the most important topics of Chemistry. 

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 NCERT covers all the basic chemical bonding and how elements interact with each other. There are several different types of bonding and structures to exist in the Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structures chapter. Class 11 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure also finds application in Biology and helps in understanding the concepts thoroughly. 

We have made sure to explain all the basic concepts of Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structures Class 11 NCERT so that you can have a deep insight into this chapter and understand all the topics well. This step-by-step guide will help you start from simpler topics and move to the difficult ones so that you don't hurry into the difficult chapters and recall them well when required. This will not only help in your exams but also find NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 4 yourself. 

Since the NCERT solutions for class 11 Chemistry Chapter 4 are very important, you must be able to solve all the problems present in the textbook to perform well in your exams.

Topics covered in this Chapter: Content Table

Here we provide full chapter notes of Chapter 5 Chemistry Class 11 with easy-to-understand explanations and good examples. The solutions will help students of class 11 prepare for their chemistry exams. 

After reading the solution thoroughly, students will be able to understand the terms of Class 11 Chemistry States of Matter easily. In the States of Matter NCERT Solutions, we will discuss the following. There are three forms of matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. The force which combines molecules together is called intermolecular force. Thermal energy is directly proportional to heat. 

Class 11 Chemistry States of Matter serves as an introduction to CBSE students. In chapter 5 Chemistry class 11, the three types of gas laws, Boyle’s Law, Charles Law, and Avogadro Law, are introduced. The process by which gas converts into liquid is called liquefaction of gas. A gas that follows all gas laws is called Ideal Gas. Why does real gas deviate from an ideal gas?

This is the step-by-step guide to understand the whole concept of the chapter with Ncert Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5. 

Topics covered in this Chapter: (Content Table)

Chemical thermodynamics is covered in Chemical Thermodynamics Class 11 and is an important subject in the curriculum. These Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6 Notes contain different thermodynamics terms, applications, such as Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry, Enthalpy Change ∆rH of a reaction - Reaction Enthalpy, Enthalpy for different types of reactions, Spontaneity, Gibbs energy change, and equilibrium, and some frequently asked questions. 

Thermodynamics deals with the transfer of energy from one place to another and from one form to another. The study of energy transformation is called Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is an important subject that not only has application in chemistry but in physics as well. In this article, we will cover the concepts of thermodynamics as well as their subtopics that will help you understand Thermodynamics Chemistry Class 11 NCERT Solutions.

All the core concepts of Thermodynamics Chemistry Class 11 NCERT Solutions are elaborated here to help you understand every problem in your NCERT textbook.

Topics Covered in this Chapter

Chemistry is one such branch of Science that constantly needs more research, new approaches, and so on. It can change the way we look at life. Every chapter included in the Chemistry curriculum is very important. Especially Class 11 Chemistry Equilibrium. A significant number of questions can be asked from this particular topic.

You must be familiar with all the basic concepts of Class 11 Equilibrium as it is both difficult as well as crucial for your exams. It is the first time you'll explore a concept like Equilibrium in-depth. It is not something that you've heard before in your earlier classes. That is why you should make sure to clear all your basic doubts and build your base. If you can do that, you can find the Equilibrium Class 11 NCERT solutions very easily.

We have tried to cover all the topics concerning the Equilibrium NCERT solutions so that you're aware of all the basic and complex concepts. If you can understand Equilibrium well, it'll help you understand the other following chapters in Chemistry better.

Once you can find the NCERT solutions class 11 Chemistry Equilibrium by yourself, the rest is easy. The step-by-step guide will help you do that.

Topics Covered in This Chapter: Content Table 

As we all know that Science is incomplete without Chemistry. It gives life and soul to Science. It explains all the reactions and molecules in the environment, right from a tiny atom to everything else. Redox Reactions form a significant part of this that tries to explain the oxidation and reduction reactions that take place in the environment around us. 

Often students try to surpass this chapter, making it difficult to find the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8. However, to clear your doubts, Redox Reactions is one of the most important chapters of Class 11 Chemistry. Several questions are asked from Class 11 Redox Reactions every year. Moreover, the redox reactions also find a special place in Biology and will help you understand many terms in that subject as well. 

We have created a list of all the important and frequently asked terms from the Class 11 Chemistry Redox Reactions chapter for your convenience. In this way, you'll have deep insight into all the simple as well as complicated terms included in this chapter. That will help you find Redox Reactions Class 11 NCERT Solutions. As you may already know, most of the questions are directly asked out of your NCERT textbook, makings the Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8 NCERT solutions all the more important.

Let's have a step-by-step look at all the important and noteworthy terms of this chapter.

Topics Covered in This Chapter: Content Table

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 chemistry hydrogen is a crucial topic that requires a deep understanding of concepts related to hydrogen. Hydrogen is one of the most prevalent gases in the universe; therefore, students are advised to go through it thoroughly to explore and develop a robust understanding of numerous scientific phenomenons. 

At MSVGo, we have tailored the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Hydrogen according to our student’s needs, which will help them score higher grades and crack entrance examinations. Each answer is prepared by our subject experts who understand the complexities involved; therefore, they’ve followed step-by-step procedures to explain each concept in detail, making it easier for students to grasp things in a better way. 

To help students be thorough about each concept regarding chemistry hydrogen, our experts have curated questions, worksheets, MCQs, and HOTS with detailed explanations to help students understand concepts better. Let’s go through our guide to understand all core principles, elaborated in easy-to-understand language that will answer every query of your NCERT Textbook.

Topics Covered in this Chapter: (Content Table)

S Block elements are an important unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus. For students currently studying in class 11 chemistry, S-Block elements might come as a shock to them; however, it isn’t as complex as it seems. Along with board exams, there are several national level entrance examinations where questions from S Block elements are asked; therefore, a thorough understanding of each concept will not only help students in class 11 but will help in preparation for examinations like JEE Mains, Advance, NEET, and so on. 

Chapter 10 of Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Solutions includes detailed answers, MCQs, HOTS, and example questions from  Chemistry Class 11, S-Block Elements. Our subject experts answer these questions in simple and understandable language to make the learning process easier. Each topic from the chapter is explained in detail to help students obtain deep knowledge and score better marks in the upcoming class 11 examination. 

To help students be thorough about each concept, our experts have curated answers to develop a robust understanding of various concepts and all core principles to answer all your queries. 

Topics covered in this Chapter: (content table)

NCERT Solutions Chemistry Chapter 11 The P-Block Elements Class 11 is an important chapter of chemistry which majorly talks about the P-Block elements in the modern periodic table. The chapter covers different concepts in detail and discusses various questions covering all the topics as per CBSE textbook guidelines. Along with questions and answers, the NCERT Solutions also provides a wide range of MCQs, HOTS, and worksheets that develop a robust understanding to ace the second term examination.

The major purpose of P-Block NCERT Solutions class 11 is to provide a detailed view of chapter 11 and understand its different sections including the introduction, The Boron Family, Compounds of Boron, The Carbon Family, and so much more. Also, a proper and deep analysis of class 11 P-Block will help students understand important trends in modern chemistry. If you’re someone aiming to score higher grades in class 11 and preparing for entrance examinations like JEE Mains, Advance, NEET, and others, Chapter 11 The P-Block Elements class 11 can be a great help.

Topics Covered in this Chapter: (Content Table)

The Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles And Techniques is an essential topic in class 11. The topics include the Tetravalence Of Carbon: Shapes Of Organic Compounds, Structural Representations Of Organic Compounds, Classification, Nomenclature, Isomerism, Fundamental Concepts In Organic Reaction Mechanism, Methods Of Purification Of Organic Compounds, Qualitative Analysis Of Organic Compounds, and Quantitative Analysis in Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles And Techniques Class 11. 

Organic chemistry is very vast and important from an exam point of view which requires thorough preparation and practice. In this article, you will find Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles And Techniques Class 11 NCERT Solutions to help you understand every type of question in your NCERT textbook. 

Class 11 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles And Techniques helps build a base for further inspection into the topic in further classes. And the Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles And Techniques NCERT Solutions helps to thoroughly understand the chapter’s concepts to delve deeper into the topic. Class 11 chemistry also delves into other important topics such as atoms, chemical bonding, and many more conceptual topics to help CBSE students work out their concepts. 

Let us look at the NCERT solutions to important questions in Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles And Techniques Ncert Solutions. 

Topics covered in this Chapter: (Content table)

Chemistry is one of the few subjects with a lot of room for exploration. It is an evolving field of study. Numerous research, extensive lab-work, and a lot of hard work goes behind discovering new things in the field of Chemistry, everyday. This is why learning the fundamentals in detail, as provided in each chapter of Class 11 Chemistry becomes imperative. While each of the chapters have paramount importance, one of the most important chapters is Hydrocarbons Class 11 NCERT. 

Class 11 Hydrocarbons is a significant chapter in the class 11 NCERT chemistry syllabus. Students need to study everything in-depth so that they can answer any question, asked from anywhere in the chapter. You might already be familiar with the concept of Hydrocarbons, having studied it earlier in school. Let’s build up on that knowledge, and learn more complex and advanced terms. Get ready to put in focus and concentration on this chemical ride!

We have curated this step-by-step guide to help you understand chemistry topics well, so that you can solve all the questions. The Hydrocarbons class 11 NCERT solutions also finds application in Biology, owing to the presence of carbon compounds.

Topics Covered in This Chapter: Content Table 

To assist you with NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 1, MSVgo is here with Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Notes. These notes have been created by many subject specialists and will benefit students in understanding the main subjects as well as memorising the key points in preparation for the exam. Topics included in this chapter: 1. Introduction 2. Electric Charge 3. Conductors And Insulators 4. Charging By Induction 5. Basic Properties Of Electric Charge a. Additivity of Charges b. Charge is Conserved c. Quantisation of Charge 6. Coulomb’s Law 7. Forces Between Multiple Charges 8. Electric Field a. Electric field due to a system of charges b. The physical significance of the electric field 9. Electric Field Lines 10. Electric Flux 11. Electric Dipole a. The field of an electric dipole b. The physical significance of dipoles c. Dipole in a Uniform External Field 12. Continuous Charge Distribution 13. Gauss’s Law 14. Applications Of Gauss’s Law 15. Field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire a. Field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet b. Field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell

Moving charges indicate electricity and this is the current topic of interest. The relationship between electricity and magnetism was noted with the alignment of a needle with respect to circuits carrying electricity. It was discovered that its alignment is tangent to an imagined circle with a straight wire in the centre and a plane perpendicular to the wire. When current is passed, however, the needle's orientation shifts. The formation of a magnetic field is thought to be caused by the movement of charges. Topics included in this chapter 1. Introduction 2. Magnetic Force 3. Sources And Fields 4. Magnetic Field, Lorentz Force 5. Magnetic Force On A current-carrying Conductor 6. Motion In A Magnetic Field 7. Motion In Combined Electric And Magnetic Fields 8. Velocity Selector 9. Cyclotron 10. Magnetic Field Due To A Current Element, Biot-savart Law 11. Magnetic Field On The Axis Of A Circular Current Loop 12. Ampere’s Circuital Law 13. The Solenoid And The Toroid 14. The Solenoid 15. The Toroid 16. Force Between Two Parallel Currents, The Ampere 17. Torque On Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole 18. Torque On A Rectangular Current Loop In A Uniform Magnetic Field 19. Circular Current Loop As A Magnetic Dipole 20. The Magnetic Dipole Moment Of A Revolving Electron 21. The Moving Coil Galvanometer

The chapter solutions of chemistry subject from class 12 CBSE syllabus plays an essential role in understanding physical chemistry. The topics that we will be dealing with in this chapter are types of solutions, solution’s strength, and determining molecular weight with colligative properties. Here we will also be solving exercises given in the NCERT class 12th chapter 2.

Topics Covered in this Chapter (content table) 

Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that studies the rates of chemical processes at different temperatures, pressures, and concentrations. The term kinetics refers to the study of how molecular properties are experimentally or theoretically changed for understanding the processes involved. It includes studying the changes in molecular properties with alterations in conditions. NCERT solutions of chemical kinetics explain various reactions' physical, chemical, and mathematical principles. In this article, we have given some chemical kinetics class 12 NCERT solutions, which will help the students clear their basic chemistry concepts and solve the questions with ease.

Different reactions are encountered daily, such as combustion, fermentation, photosynthesis, and respiration. This chapter will explore primarily how heat energy can release when chemicals react spontaneously. Chapter 4, chemistry class 12, highlights the concept of Chemical Kinetics. Further, it outlines what happens, why it happens, and what affects the reaction rates so that you can understand, better acquire, and apply a basic understanding of chemicals being converted into other substances by the addition or removal of matter.

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

The middle layer of the periodic table includes d block elements. Inner d-orbits of Group 3 to 13 are filled gradually. The f block elements are found outside and at the bottom of the periodic table. The 5f and 4f orbitals are filled gradually in these elements. The filling of 3d, 4d, and 5d orbitals differentiates the three series of transition elements. They have a high boiling point as well as a high melting point. 

The electronic configuration, occurrence, and general features of transition elements will be discussed first in this article, with a focus on trends in the properties of the first row (3d) transition metals, as well as the synthesis and properties of several key compounds. Following that, the general properties of the inner transition metals' electrical configurations, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity will be considered. Given below are the metallic characteristics exhibited by transition elements:

• Thermal conductivity

• Electrical conductivity

• Malleability

• Metallic character

• High tensile strength

• Ductility

The importance of coordination compounds cannot be emphasised. It is necessary to keep in mind that without chlorophyll (Mg - complex) in plants and haemoglobin (Fe - complex) in human blood, life is inconceivable. The study of these compounds will help us better understand chemical bonding and the physical features of coordination molecules.

Haloalkanes and haloarenes can be generally classified as mono, di, or poly halogen (tri-, tetra-, etc.) compounds, depending on the number of halogen atoms (1, 2, or more) in their structures. The replacement of hydrogen atoms in an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon by halogen atoms results in the formation of alkyl halide or haloalkane and aryl halide or haloarene, respectively.

As the halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the carbon-halogen bond of haloalkanes is polarised. In this, the halogen atom bears a partial negative charge, and the carbon atom bears a partial positive charge. Haloalkanes are formed by the free radical halogenation of alkanes, with the addition of halogen acids to alkenes, and replacement of –OH group of alcohols with halogens using thionyl chloride, phosphorus halides, or halogen acids. Haloarenes are formed by electrophilic substitution to arenes. Fluorides and iodides are mainly formed by using the halogen exchange method.

The boiling points of organohalogen compounds, organic compounds that contain chlorine, bromine, fluorine atoms, are comparatively higher than the corresponding hydrocarbons because of their powerful dipole-dipole and van-der-Waals forces of attraction. Haloalkanes and haloarenes are slightly soluble in water but completely soluble in organic solvents. Various halogen-containing organic compounds occur in nature. Some of them have wide applications in the medical or industrial industry and even in our everyday lives.

In the haloalkanes and haloarenes NCERT chapter, you will learn about the important preparation methods, properties, applications, and effects of these organohalogen compounds.

The notes for the Class 12 Chemistry chapter “Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers” are crucial for the exam. This chapter covers the preparation, characteristics, and reactions of alcohols, phenols, and ethers. Students will learn about some of the most fundamental topics in organic chemistry, as well as their industrial applications.

Alcohol is generated when hydroxyl group atoms connect with saturated carbon atoms. When alcohol is dehydrated, the result is ether. This chapter covers how these compounds are related. Furthermore, there are three alcohol forms—monohydric, dihydric, and trihydric—classified by their hydroxyl groups. Based on their structural forms, alcohols are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary. 

You will learn about alcohols, phenols, and ethers in this chapter from your CBSE Chemistry textbook.

NCERT Solutions for Amines will help students comprehend the basics of amines a lot easier. The NCERT solutions will help them retain the complex structural formulas and chemical reactions of amines for a long period of time. Any doubts about the chapter can be quickly resolved by consulting these solutions.

To prepare efficiently for their examinations, students should routinely go through the NCERT Solutions developed by the subject specialists of MSVgo. Aside from offering textbook solutions, MSVgo also offers high-quality 15,000+ videos, 10,000+ question banks, quizzes, and more to better prepare our students. 

You can find worksheets, exercises, illustrative problems, and tasks to help you excel in the study of Amines.

Evolution is a complex process of change over time. Natural selection is a key concept in evolutionary biology - it can be summarised as the selection process favouring traits that have led to greater numbers of organisms. Class 12 Biology Evolution proposes to teach about the most important subjects related to Evolution, such as population growth and variation, gene linkage, sexual reproduction and genetic drift. We will also explore the importance of natural selection when trying to understand Evolution. In Evolution NCERT Class 12, we will touch on kinetics and ecosystems. The goal is for students to leave with a complete understanding of how Evolution works and an appreciation for biological diversity. Evolution is a phenomenon occurring on Earth for billions of years. The animal kingdom has constantly been changing and adapting to new environments. As a result, Evolution is distinctly heterogeneous, depending on what species is evolving. For example, the Evolution of sharks might be different from the Evolution of chimpanzees because sharks are animals in which it's hard for any changes to occur, while chimpanzees are animals, and it is relatively easy for changes to occur. Class 12 Biology Evolution highlights different aspects of Evolution, and it includes learning about the process of natural selection, convergent Evolution, divergent Evolution, extinction, and much more. Evolution NCERT Class 12 talks about the process of natural selection and how it occurs.

Biotechnology is a branch of science that combines the study of biology and chemistry. It is a broad field that covers various topics, from organic molecular reactions to harvesting renewable resources from crops, microorganisms, or other sources. Biotechnology has been used in many applications such as diagnosis, designing drugs, manufacturing biosynthetic products, etc. Biotechnology And Its Application NCERT discusses some basic principles in biotechnology and its various applications in day-to-day life. 

Furthermore, with the help of Biotechnology And Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions, we will understand the application of Biotechnology in various disciplines. Here we give you some instances of its use in different fields with their respective examples.

Biotechnology And Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions gives us a clear idea of biotechnology by dividing it into five chapters. We will solve different problems using this section based on Biotechnology And Its Applications Solutions. The questions are simple and applicable in day-to-day life. Therefore, solving them will help students understand the concepts better and understand more complicated problems related to biotechnology.

Reproduction In Organisms Class 12 NCERT talks about reproductive health. Reproductive Health includes sexual and reproductive organs and the systems that support them (endocrine, urinary, immune). Reproduction In Organisms Class 12 NCERT will help you understand your body and its working under different circumstances. Furthermore, Reproduction In Organisms Class 12 NCERT Solutions will help students gain more insight into the subject. Reproductive Health is an essential chapter of Reproduction In Organisms Class 12 NCERT. Reproduction In Organisms Class 12 NCERT covers Introduction to Reproductive Systems for exams. It talks about the reproductive system of human beings and its function in detail. Here you will find Introduction to Reproductive Systems notes and NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 to understand the topic better.

Class 12 biology chapter 5 is principles of inheritance and variation. It talks about the various concepts and learnings about the principles of inheritance and variation Ncert solutions. You can find the detailed explanations and solutions for the chapter in this article that will help you with the various aspects of the chapter to understand the anatomy concepts for the class.

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 biology Chapter 5 helps students access several questions and detailed solutions to the questions, including matching the following, filling in the blanks, descriptive questions answers, and true or false. You can find all the answers in the article to help you ace your Class 12 exam. 

The NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 5 principles of inheritance and variation will help you learn about the inheritance process, which includes passing characters from parent to progeny. It will also teach you about the variation and its explanation for inheritance.

Discussion on the Molecular Basis of Inheritance Class 12 NCERT Solutions:

• The search for genetic material
• The RNA World or Replication
• Understanding the term: Transcription 
• Genetic code
• Human genome project
• DNA fingerprinting

In this chapter for Class 12, we will learn about genes and genetics in detail. Our genes determine much of our biological constitution and determine our chances of developing certain diseases and disorders. It is important to learn about them so as to better understand the human body and by extension, ourselves. 

This chapter navigates many subtopics and questions relating to genes and how important they play in heredity and inheritance. The phenomenon of heredity is central to biology, and inheritance is how those genes are passed from generation to generation. We understand how genes influence our traits and characteristics by learning about them.

We’ll also take a closer look at the RNA world or Replication. Transcription and the genetic code are other topics that are also very important to understand and will be explored in this chapter.

Finally, this chapter will also talk about the Human Genome Project. This massive project was undertaken to identify, map, and sequence all of the genes that comprise the human body. We also examine DNA fingerprinting and its importance in forensics and how it aids criminal investigations.

Human health is not something we can afford to take for granted in today's world. With the advancements in technology and all of the new types of diseases popping up, as a result, it is essential to learn as much as we can about what affects our health and how we can maintain it. Human Health And Disease Ncert highlights necessary topics on Human Health and Disease and is also helpful to prepare students with the help of its vivid diagrams, diagrams of human body systems, study notes by chapter. Furthermore, with the help of Human Health And Disease Class 12 Ncert Solutions, a student can find it easy to learn the concepts and make the right choice.

Meta description: Strategies for enhancement in food production class 12 - This chapter deals with the various processes and procedures that will enhance food production and benefit the population.

Topics Covered in the chapter.

• Introduction
• Strategies for enhancement in food production 
• Animal husbandry 
• Plant breeding
• Single-cell protein
• Tissue culture
• Conclusion

Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 is Biotechnology: Principles and Processes. It talks about the various concepts and learnings about the principles and processes of biotechnology. You can find the detailed explanations and solutions for the chapter in this article to help you understand the biotechnology concepts.

The NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 11 help students access several questions and detailed answers that include matching the following, filling in the blanks, descriptive questions answers, and true or false. You can find all the answers in the article to help you ace your Class 12 exam.

It comprises information on the biotechnology principles, process, and their applications. You can learn this easily and quickly by opting for the MVSgo app, where the learning is made simple by following a set structure and offering various science games and assignments, which will make studying fun for you.

NCERT solutions class 12 biology chapter 11 (Biotechnology principles and processes)

Chapter 11 of class 12 Biotechnology principles and processes deal with utilising enzymes and living organisms, which help create new products and methods that are also useful to mankind.

This chapter concentrates on the two vital canons of biotechnology – bioprocess and genetic engineering. It further comprises diverse topics such as restriction enzymes, ligases, polymerase enzymes, host entities, and vectors. In addition, the process of recombinant DNA technology includes several steps such as isolation of DNA fragments, isolation of DNA, extraction of desired products, restriction endonucleases, and more. 

The principles of biotechnology also include the origin of replication, plasmid, cloning, antibiotic resistance gene, vectors, ligase and restriction enzymes, etc. that are the necessary steps for genetic modification and essential tools for genetic engineering methods. 

Topics of Chapter 11, Class12: Biotechnology Principles and Processes:

• What is biotechnology?
• Principles of biotechnology
• Cloning vectors
• Restriction enzymes
• Processes of the Recombinant DNA technology
• Recombinant DNA technology Tools
• Competent host 
• Amplification of the gene of interest using a method known as PCR
• Isolation of genetic material
• Cutting of the DNA at specific locations
• Obtaining the foreign gene product
• Insertion of recombinant DNA to the host organism
• Downstream processing

The details of the different topics of Biotechnology Principles and Processes NCERT Solutions are as follows:

An ecosystem is the group of food supply, predation, and competition. The chapter Organisms And Populations NCERT highlights the fitness of individuals, measured by their survival, growth rate, and reproductive success. Therefore, the population of a species in a given ecosystem or habitat depends on several factors such as climate, food supply, and predators. A species' population can increase or decrease depending on the aforementioned factors. The population that increases is known as the "expanding population," while the one that decreases is called "contracting population." Organisms And Populations Class 12 NCERT explains how food and energy availability affects the populations of organisms in an ecosystem. The population grows when food and energy are abundant in the environment. On the other hand, it decreases when these resources are scarce within the ecosystem.

Organisms And Populations Class 12 NCERT highlights that habitat includes all biotic and abiotic elements having a specific role in supporting the species present there. It determines where a particular organism lives or spends most of its time during its life cycle. Organisms And Populations NCERT states that population growth can be measured using birth rate, survival rate, age structure, density, and population stability. Population ecology stands for the population dynamics (the changes in the size of the population) of an individual species, population, or community. The study of population dynamics is known as Demography, while ecology is known for its Population Biology. Organisms And Populations Class 12 NCERT is about the Population Dynamics of a natural population for one year.

Class 12 biology chapter 14 discusses the ecosystem. This chapter explains various concepts and learnings about the ecosystem. You can find detailed explanations and solutions for the chapter in this article. It will help you understand the various aspects and concepts of the chapter and prepare for class. 

The NCERT Solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 gives students access to many questions and detailed solutions, including match the following, fill in the blanks, short question answers, and true or false. You can find all the answers in the article that will help you ace your class 12 exam.

The NCERT Solutions will help you learn about the living creatures and their interaction among themselves and with their surroundings in a functional unit. It has details about the structure of the ecosystem, input of productivity, transfer of energy, and output. You will learn about the relationship cycles, chains, webs, and their energy flow within the ecosystem and their interrelationship.

NCERT Solutions class 12 biology chapter 14 (Ecosystem)

The chapter on ecosystem explains the interaction of living and nonliving components with themselves and each other in a physical environment. An ecosystem can be a small pond, a large forest, or even a sea. It is a visualised functional unit of nature. The entire biosphere is regarded as a global ecosystem that is a composite of all local ecosystems on Earth. 

The ecosystem is divided into two categories—terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem. The terrestrial ecosystem consists of forests, deserts, grasslands, etc. and the aquatic ecosystem consists of ponds, lakes, wetlands, rivers, and many more. 

Let us take a look at the most important topics of chapter 14:

• Ecosystem–Structure & its Structure
• Types of Ecosystems 
• Productivity 
• Decomposition 
• Energy Flow 
• Ecological Pyramids 
• Ecological Succession 
• Nutrient Cycling 
• Ecosystem Services

The details of topics of NCERT Solutions class 12 biology chapter 14 are as follows:

Ecosystem structure & its structure: The ecosystem is a community where living and nonliving components interact with each other. It is greater in size and is a functional unit of nature. The ecosystem comprises two different components—biotic and abiotic. Their description and functions are explained below.

• Biotic components: Biotic components are those which are involved in shaping the ecosystem such as plants, animals, human beings, decomposers, yeast, insects, etc. They are called living things within the ecosystem. 
• Abiotic components: Abiotic components are those which are not involved in shaping the ecosystem such as water, air, soil, sunlight and minerals. They are the nonliving physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem that are obtained from the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.

Types of ecosystems: An ecosystem can be as small as an oasis in a desert, or as big as an ocean. There are mainly two types of ecosystem:

• Terrestrial ecosystem: A terrestrial ecosystem is a land-based community of organisms and the interactions of biotic and abiotic components in a given area. The four types of terrestrial ecosystems are forest ecosystem, tundra ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and desert ecosystem.
• Aquatic ecosystem: Organisms present in a water body are part of the aquatic ecosystem. The two types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystem and freshwater ecosystem.

Components of the ecosystem consider the followings aspects:

1. Productivity
2. Decomposition
3. Energy flow
4. Nutrient cycling

Productivity: The rate of biomass production is called productivity. It is measured by the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over time by the plants during the process of photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of g –2 yr –1 or (kcal m–2) or –1 to compare the productivity of different ecosystems. 

Productivity is divided into two parts—gross primary productivity and net primary productivity. Gross primary productivity is the rate of production of organic matter during the process of photosynthesis. Net primary productivity is defined as gross primary productivity minus respiration losses or GPP – R = NPP.

Decomposition: The process of breaking down complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients by the decomposers is called decomposition. The raw material for decomposition consists of dead remains of animals, dead plants such as leaves, flowers, bark, etc. which constitute detritus for decomposition. This process requires large amounts of oxygen and consists of steps such as fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification, and mineralization.

Energy flow: Energy is the primary source for almost all the organisms on Earth. It is the main factor that supports the survival of organisms. Energy flow takes place with the help of the food web and food chain. Energy flows from the Sun to autotrophs or producers and then flows from the producers to the consumers. In the ecosystem, the energy never flows backwards, that is, from the consumers to producers. 

Herbivores feed on the autotrophs and change the energy from the plant into energy that they can use. Carnivores subsequently feed on the herbivores and, finally, other carnivores prey on the carnivores.

Ecological Pyramids: The graphical representation of the relationship between different organisms is called an ecological pyramid. It represents a different trophic level by each bar. There are three types of ecological pyramids.

• Pyramid of biomass: At each trophic level, the pyramid of biomass represents the graphical portrayal of biomass present in a unit of the territory of different trophic levels. 
• Pyramid of productivity: The pyramid of productivity shows the production or turnover of biomass at each trophic level. It also shows the flow of energy through the food chain. 
• Pyramid of numbers: In each trophic level, it represents the number of organisms, irrespective of their size. The bars are drawn to scale—the more organisms it represents, the wider the bar.

Ecological Succession: Ecological succession is a fundamental concept in ecology. It is a process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area change over time. There are two types of ecological succession. 

• Primary succession: It is the ecological succession that begins in essentially lifeless areas, in regions where there is no soil, or soil is incapable of sustaining life. 
• Secondary succession: It is the ecological succession in which plants and animals recolonize a habitat after a major disturbance such as devastating flood, wildlife, landslide, lava flow, etc.
  

Nutrient Cycling: It is the process of absorbing, transferring, releasing and reabsorbing nutrients. It is the natural recycling system of mineral nutrients. Nutrients consumed by plants and animals are returned to the environment after death and decomposition, and the cycle continues. Soil microbes play an important role in nutrient cycling. Nutrient cycling rates depend on various factors such as biotic, chemical, and physical. 

Ecosystem Services: The products of ecosystem processes are called ecosystem services. For example, healthy forest ecosystems purify air and water, prevent droughts and floods, cycle nutrients, create fertile soils, provide wildlife habitat, maintain biodiversity, pollinate crops, provide storage sites for carbon and aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values. Healthy ecosystems are the base for a wide range of economic, environmental, and aesthetic goods and services.

Biodiversity and conservation class 12 NCERT is an essential part of biology that details biodiversity, its components, and how we can conserve it. The students preparing for their exams can refer to the biodiversity and conservation class 12 NCERT solutions. These will help them understand all the concepts while ensuring that they can review the chapter quickly before the exam.

Topics covered in this Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conversation (Content Table)

• Introduction
• Patterns in Biodiversity
• Loss of Biodiversity
• Biodiversity Conversation

Due to the increase in the human population over the years, there has been a rise in the demand for food, water, home electricity, roads, and other commodities which are essential for human existence. These demands lead to overexploitation of natural resources and also cause air, soil, and water pollution. The human population is solely responsible for this and has a moral obligation to look for possible solutions. Environmental issues are one of the very important concepts in class 12. 

The students preparing for class 12 exams can access the course material related to Maths, Chemistry, Physics, and Biology on the Msgvo app. It is a learning app that makes studying complex subjects easy and enables students to study on the go. The course material is designed in such a way that students can understand the science behind each concept. They can study anytime and anywhere, based on their convenience. The Msgvo app provides an interactive learning experience and builds the problem-solving skills of the students. The app has detailed lesson plans which help students to understand the concepts easily and improve their performance. 

The following topics and subtopics are covered on Environmental Issues which would enable the students to clarify their doubts:

1. Air pollution and its control
   Air Pollution means the presence of harmful chemicals and poisonous compounds in the air, which can cause serious health ailments in adults and children. It also has an adverse effect on crops and plants. It is commonly caused by the following:
   1. Smokestacks of thermal plants, shelters release tiny particles of dust and soot. They also release several types of gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. The pollutants must be filtered out or separated before releasing into the atmosphere. Electrostatic Precipitator is one such equipment that uses electrical energy to remove solid and liquid impurities from air released by the smokestack. 
   2. Another major cause of air pollution is Automobiles.  
2. Water pollution and its control
   Water pollution is the presence of harmful containments in water bodies that make them unfit for consumption. Over the years, the human population has dumped household and industrial waste into water bodies. The Government of India has passed the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 to protect water resources. Water pollution is caused by:
   1. Domestic waste contains biodegradable organic matter which is decomposed by bacteria and other micro-organisms present in the water bodies. The level of biodegradable organic matter in sewage water can be calculated through Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Sewage waste contains several pathogenic micro-organisms that can cause serious diseases like typhoid and dysentery. 
   2. Some of the toxic substances which are present in the industrial waste might lead to the Biomagnification of the aquatic food chain. 
   3. The waste dumped in to the water bodies might increase the natural aging process of the water bodies. This is known as Cultural or Accelerated Eutrophication.
3. Solid Wastes
   Solid waste generally contains food waste, paper wastes, textile, and rubber wastes from households and industries. These types of waste are generally partially burnt and the remaining is dumped in open areas which often become breeding grounds for rats and flies. Sanitary landfills are a better alternative to open area dumps. 
   1. The solid waste produced by hospitals is quite dangerous as it contains harmful chemicals, disinfectants, and other pathogens.
   2. Electronic waste or e-waste should be recycled in an environment-friendly manner. 
4. Agro-Chemicals and their Effects
   Green Revolution has resulted in excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides to increase crop yield. But the increased usage could lead to Eutrophication of the aquatic system. We need to adopt Integrated Organic farming where waste from one product is utilized as nutrition for another. 
5. Radioactive Wastes
   Although nuclear energy was considered an environment-friendly way of generating electricity, it has its share of cons. The first major problem is that of accidental leakage and the second is the disposal of radioactive waste. Such type of waste yields radiation which can cause serious damage to organisms. 
6. Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
   The greenhouse effect is a condition when the heat from the Sun gets trapped in the Earth's atmosphere and heats the surface. Greenhouse gases absorb long-form radiation from the Earth and emit it back towards Earth. A rise in Greenhouse gases has resulted in Global Warming and to control this, humans need to stop deforestation, reduce the use of fossil fuels and look for renewable sources of energy.
7. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
   The layer of Earth’s atmosphere that is located between the troposphere and mesosphere is called the Stratosphere. It filters out the Sun’s Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation. The thickness of the Ozone is measured in terms of Dobson Units (DU). The ozone layer is constantly formed by the UV rays and also depleted into molecular oxygen in the stratosphere. But the balance has been disturbed due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which has resulted in thinning of the Ozone layer over the Antarctic region known as the Ozone Hole.
8. Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance
   The natural resources become degraded due to improper Utilisation and maintenance:
   1. Soil erosion is a phenomenon when the topsoil of land is eroded by water and wind. This happens due to activities like over-cultivation, unrestricted grazing, and poor irrigation. 
   2. When large barren lands are left unsupervised for a long time, it leads to the creation of a desert. This phenomenon is known as desertification. 
   3. Irrigation without proper drainage of water results in Waterlogging which in turn brings salt to the surface of the soil. Waterlogging and soil salinity affect the quality and crop yield. 
9. Deforestation and Reforestation
   Deforestation is the decline in forest areas around the world due to factors such as urbanization and the clearing of forests for agricultural use. In northeastern states of India, slash and burn agriculture, also known as Jhum cultivation has resulted in massive deforestation. Reforestation means planting trees in areas where excessive deforestation has taken place. Chipko movement was one such initiative. The Government of India has launched programs like Joint Forest Management (JFM) to reinforce reforestation.
   Thus, these are the important environmental issues relating to environmental pollution and the degradation of natural resources. To understand the topic better, watch the learning videos available on the Msgvo app which has over 15,000 videos relating to Maths, Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. The Msgvo app is an NCERT solutions app that makes a student exam-ready through its CBSE and ICSE based course material.

Topic Names

1. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
2. Occurrence of Metals
3. Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
4. Concentration of Ores
5. Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
6. Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
7. Oxidation Reduction
8. Refining
9. Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron

Polymers are everywhere; if you take a look around, you can find dozens of materials made out of just polymers. The term “polymer” is often used synonymously with plastic or resin, but polymers are more diverse than that. 

Polymers are also present in rubber, polyester, glass, wood, nylon, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and more. Polymer-containing objects that you have most likely come in contact with are your everyday plastic bottles, the rubber tyres on vehicles, the rubber component of your earphones, clothing, toys, building materials, and gadgets.