• Combination - When two or more components and one or more compounds combine to form a single result. Decomposition is breaking down a substance into two or more essential components. Displacement occurs when a more reactive metal pushes out a less reactive metal. Double displacement reactions are those in which ions are exchanged between two reactants, resulting in the formation of new compounds.
  
  
• Precipitation: In this reaction, an insoluble substance called precipitate formed.
  
  
• Exothermic reactions: Exothermic reactions characterize the majority of degradation reactions.
  
  
• Endothermic: Endothermic reactions are those that absorb energy. Endothermic reactions account for the majority of combination reactions.
  
  
• Oxidation: Oxidation is gaining oxygen or removing hydrogen or a metallic element from a substance.
  
  
• Reduction: Reduction is the addition of hydrogen or the removal of oxygen from a molecule.
  
  
• Redox: It is possible to have two different chemical reactions going on simultaneously, which is known as a redox reaction.

Chemical reactions: Chemical reactions are known as changing a chemical substance into a new chemical substance by forming and breaking bonds between distinct atoms.

Chemical reaction signs: These variables indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred: change of state, change of color, the evolution of heat, absorption of heat, the evolution of gas, and evolution of light.

Chemical Equation: A chemical equation describes a chemical reaction using symbols of substances in the form of formulae. H2 + O2 = H2O, for example.

Balanced Chemical Equation: On both the left and right sides of the reaction, the number of atoms of each element is equal. The mass of elements present in reactants must equal the total mass of elements present in products to fulfill this law

For example, NaOH + HCl vs. NaCl + H2O

Rusting: When iron combines with oxygen and moisture, it produces rust, a red material.

Rancidity: When oils and fats are exposed to oxygen, they oxidize and change their flavor and smell.

Corrosion: This occurs when metals are attacked by oxygen, water, acids, and gases found in the air, causing the surface to rust.2HCl + BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) + BaSO4(s) (ppt) (aq)

Fill in the blanks

1. A chemical equation specifies the........... of the chemicals as well as the conditions in which the reaction occurs.

2. It is represented by the sign aq, which indicates that the material is in the physical phase described by.....

3. 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) = 2NaCl(s) represents the reaction that involves a......... and......

4. Following whitewashing with a slaked lime solution, a thin layer of........... is applied to the surface.

5. Thermal absorption reactions are referred to as...........reactions in scientific literature.

6. …….. reaction is employed in the electrolytic refining of copper and may be described as follows:

7. The pH of a solution containing 10-6 mol of a monobasic acidic solution is...........

8. For [H+] in mol/L of a solution with a pH of 2 is............

9. The burning of coal is an example of a............ reaction.

10. In the following kinds of chemical reactions, [ ] represents the quantity of either the reactant or the product being used..........

Answers:

1. condition of being physical

2.  watery solution

3.  metal, non-metallic

4.  CaCO3

5.  endothermic 

6. the process of electrolytic breakdown

7.  6 

8.  1 × 10-2 

9.  irreversible 

10.  mol/Lit

What is the clear difference between displacement reactions and double displacement reactions? Fill in the blanks with equations and the mentioned reactions.

Answer:

• A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its solution in displacement reactions. As an example,
• Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) Fe(s) + FeSO4(aq) Fe(s) + FeSO4(aq) Fe(s) + FeSO4(aq) Fe(s (aq)
• This is a displacement process in which copper is displaced from its solution by iron.
• Two reactants in solution exchange their ions in double displacement reactions. As an example, AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) = AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) = AgNO3(aq) + NaNO3(aq) = AgNO3(aq) + NaNO3(aq (aq)

Give two examples of each of the following processes in consideration of oxygen gain or loss:

(a) Oxidation and (b) Reduction.

Answer:

(a) Oxidation: Oxidation is the process of adding oxygen to a substance.

Consider the following scenario:

I SO2(g) = S(s) + O2(g) (Addition of oxygen to sulfur)

2MgO(s) + O2 (g) ii) 2Mg(s) + O2 (g) (Addition of oxygen to magnesium)

(b) Reduction: Reduction is the process of removing oxygen from a substance.

CuO + H2 Heat I CuO + H2O (ii) CuO + H2O (iii) CuO + H2O (iv) Cu

Copper oxide is reduced to copper in this process because oxygen is eliminated from it.

The silver nitrate and sodium chloride exchange Cl– and NO3– ions in this double displacement process.

ZnO + C = Zn + CO (ii)

Because oxygen is eliminated from zinc oxide, it is reduced to zinc in this case.

When a gleaming brown element, let's suppose it as 'X', is heated in the air, then it turns black. Name this element named 'X' as well as the black-colored compound which caused the result.

Copper is the element 'X.' (Cu).

Copper oxide is a dark-colored substance (CuO). The reaction in question is

What is the purpose of painting iron objects?

Answer: Paint protects iron products from rusting by preventing them from coming into contact with air or water.

Nitrogen is used for flushing oil and fat-containing foods. What is the reason for this?

Food items are flushed with nitrogen to keep them fresh and prevent them from oxidizing.

What is the purpose of painting iron objects?

Answer: Paint protects iron products from rusting by preventing them from coming into contact with air or water.

Explain each of the words below with an example: (a) Corrosion, (b) Rancidity.

(a) Corrosion: (a) Corrosion: (a) Corrosion: (a) It's the progressive deterioration of metals caused by the action of air, moisture, or a chemical (such as acid) on their surface.
When iron is exposed to damp air for an extended period, it develops a dark, flaky substance called rust on its surface. The major component of rust is hydrated iron (III) oxide [Fe2O3.xH20].
(b) Rancidity: Rancidity is an unpleasant odor and taste condition caused by aerial oxidation of lipids and oils in foods.
Rancidity degrades meals prepared with fats and oils that have been stored for a long time and renders them unsafe for consumption.
Antioxidants can be added to foods containing fats and oils to prevent rancidity. It can also be avoided by using nitrogen to flush fat and oil-containing foods before sealing.

What is a balanced chemical equation? Why is it necessary to balance chemical equations?

Solution:

A chemical reaction equation is one in which the overall charge and the number of atoms for each element in the reaction are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and charge on both sides of the reaction are equal.
These were some chemical reactions and equations NCERT solutions to make you more aware of the concepts.

The chapter on Chemical reactions and equations includes the concept of balanced and unbalanced chemical equations and teaches us about chemical equation balancing. Having a proper understanding of this chapter will also help students to excel in higher scientific studies. There are various types of chemical reactions such as endothermic, exothermic, precipitation, and much more. Chemical reactions take place all around us; therefore, it is important to understand the basics of these changes and reactions. Refer to the chemical reaction and equation class 10 solutions for more understanding.