Biotechnology is a branch of science that deals with manipulating living organisms. It is applied in many fields such as: 

• Health products 
• Drugs
• Food additives
• Cosmetics 
• Feed

Biotechnology has given us novel products that are not produced naturally. For example, the food industry has made food tastier and better by reducing antibiotics. We will understand what potential biotechnological applications exist in the food industry to enhance its quality further and improve its nutritional values. To make this section helpful, we have provided you with Biotechnology And Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions for exam preparation, which is more relevant to these questions. 

The need for food has always been a concern for all human beings. Changing lifestyles, along with a growing population, have increased the demand for food. Many studies have been conducted on improving food production and quality through biotechnological applications. These studies have proven beneficial to farmers since they can develop higher yields than that of traditional crops. Biotechnology plays a vital role in the food industry. The role of technology in food production has significantly improved over the years. It is a multi-faceted concept encompassing many technical, scientific, and biological aspects of food production. 

Biotechnology provides us various sources from which we can derive required energy for meeting our energy needs and also for producing various types of compounds for manufacturing various products that we consume throughout our lifetime. It also helps improve the quality of products by adding a variety of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and other beneficial components that are beneficial for human beings to enhance their health and overall well-being.

Recent studies have shown the beneficial role of biotechnology in medicine. The use of biotechnology in medicine can improve the efficiency of clinical tests by reducing the time and money required for testing. Biotechnological application in medicine will further help to cure disease and prolong life. Some of the essential applications discussed in this section of Biotechnology And Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions include cell specialisation, cloning, recombinant DNA technology, etc. This field has experienced tremendous growth over the last few years due to emerging technologies being developed either by the industry itself or with the help of other laboratories abroad. This article will also tell you how biotechnology minimises human suffering and increases health standards. It can cure most diseases and disorders through the application of biotechnology. It also enables us to produce drugs and diagnostic tools used in medicine that have helped human beings live healthy lives. Some diseases have become easier to cure with vaccines made from Biotechnology. In addition, Biotechnology helps carry out diagnostic procedures that help doctors identify problems at early stages during treatments.

Biotechnology also plays a vital role in aquaculture, as it increases fish and shrimp production. Biotechnology allows us to increase many nutrients to the fish available in the sea. Moreover, post-harvest technology has become very easy, where all these processes can be carried out at one site. This has increased productivity, which is possible through biotechnological applications. Biotechnology in aquaculture will help enhance growth rates and improve productivity, solving two problems among others that farmers face. The application of biotechnology in aquaculture has benefited a lot of farmers. It plays a vital role in the aquaculture industry by providing farmers with the technology to grow more fish than can be traditionally grown. The environment has been dramatically affected by the introduction of modern technologies. It also has played a vital role in improving fish quality by developing new fish varieties through selective breeding. As a result, fish production has increased considerably over the years, leading to better quality and availability of fish.

Gene therapy is a treatment option that replaces or repairs the defective gene, which leads to genetic disorders. Gene therapy is a branch of medicine in which DNA is used as the therapeutic agent to cure diseases by replacing, suppressing, or transferring genes. It can be applied to treat cancer, blood disorders, hepatitis, genetic disorders, etc. Gene therapy has been used since the 1990s to treat people who have diseases caused by abnormal gene function. It uses genetically modified viruses to insert corrected genetic code into the affected cells of the human body. These viruses are modified to attach themselves to specific cells carrying defective genes and transfer normal healthy genes to correct this defect at the cellular level. Gene therapy is a new and widely used technology. It is used to treat diseases. Gene therapy has been used to treat 

• Genetic diseases
• Blood disorders 
• Inherited immune deficiencies 

Gene therapy inserts genes into a patient's damaged cells and cannot function properly. The cells are then replaced with healthy genes. Gene therapy provides significant improvements in efficiency, quality, and cost of health care services by increasing the range of therapeutic options that can be exploited and minimising risks to patients.

Transgenic animals are those that have been genetically modified in some way. This modification can have occurred by artificial or natural methods. For example, biotechnology is used to modify the genetic makeup of animals to produce certain factors that may be beneficial to humans. They may also be modified to carry out specific tasks more efficiently. (For example, a goat might be made to produce spider silk in its milk instead of milk itself, or a cow might be made sterile so it cannot reproduce).

Molecular diagnosis is a term used to describe DNA analysis to diagnose diseases. The procedure involves extracting and amplifying genetic material from the patient's tissues and using it to detect the presence of a disease or an abnormality in the genes. The results are then processed according to a standardised protocol and reported to the attending physician for diagnosis. Biotechnology And Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions further helps a science student with understanding the concept and importance of molecular diagnosis.

The tests that can be performed through molecular diagnosis include detection and quantification of mutations in individual genes, gene rearrangement, dosage studies, and specific gene expression analysis.

Biotechnology And Its Applications Class 12 NCERT highlights the overall concept of biotechnology and how it is beneficial to human beings. It has changed medical treatment methods more effectively and efficiently by providing proper medications for various diseases, curing various deadly diseases that were not curable before, and providing new food sources. Furthermore, biotechnology has helped increase the production of food crops through improved experimental methods. The use of biotechnology has increased the activities undertaken by human beings, from agriculture to medicine and from manufacturing to energy production. Thus, it is evident that biotechnology is self-sustainable and can be used extensively across fields such as agriculture, health care industries, etc. 

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