msvgo: NCERT, CBSE, ICSE Class 6-12 Learning App

Chapter1

Electric Charges and Fields

To assist you with NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 1, MSVgo is here with Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Notes. These notes have been created by many subject specialists and will benefit students in understanding the main subjects as well as memorising the key points in preparation for the exam. Topics included in this chapter: 1. Introduction 2. Electric Charge 3. Conductors And Insulators 4. Charging By Induction 5. Basic Properties Of Electric Charge a. Additivity of Charges b. Charge is Conserved c. Quantisation of Charge 6. Coulomb’s Law 7. Forces Between Multiple Charges 8. Electric Field a. Electric field due to a system of charges b. The physical significance of the electric field 9. Electric Field Lines 10. Electric Flux 11. Electric Dipole a. The field of an electric dipole b. The physical significance of dipoles c. Dipole in a Uniform External Field 12. Continuous Charge Distribution 13. Gauss’s Law 14. Applications Of Gauss’s Law 15. Field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire a. Field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet b. Field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell

IntroductionElectric ChargeConductors and InsulatorsCharging by InductionBasic Properties of an Electric ChargeCoulomb’s LawForces Between Multiple ChargesElectric FieldElectric Field LinesElectric FluxElectric DipoleContinuous Charge DistributionGauss’s LawApplications of Gauss LawField due to an Infinitely Long Straight Uniformly Charged WireSolved Examples for CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 1Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 1

Chapter2

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electrostatic potential class 12 answers for Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance can be studied using important questions and a concise, yet thorough, topic-by-topic explanation. Students will gain a deep understanding of the important points in theoretical knowledge and practise the problems and mathematical calculations in this chapter while preparing for the examinations, using the NCERT Solution for Class 12 Physics Chapter 2. To obtain more marks in Physics, students can learn the electrostatic potential and capacitance class 12 formulas. Topics included in this Chapter: 1. Introduction 2. Electrostatic Potential 3. Potential Due to a Point Charge 4. Potential Due to an Electric Dipole 5. Potential Due to a System Of Charges 6. Equipotential Surfaces 7. Relation Between Field And Potential 8. Potential Energy of a System Of Charges 9. Potential Energy in an External Field 10. Potential Energy of a Single Charge 11. Potential Energy of a System Of Two Charges In An External Field 12. Potential Energy of a Dipole In An External Field 13. Electrostatics of Conductors 14. Dielectrics and Polarization 15. Capacitors and Capacitance 16. The Parallel Plate Capacitor 17. Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance 18. Combination of Capacitors 19. Capacitors in Series 20. Capacitors in Parallel 21. Energy Stored in a Capacitor 22. Van De Graaff Generator

IntroductionElectrostatic PotentialPotential Due to a Point ChargePotential Due to an Electric DipolePotential Due to a System of ChargesEquipotential SurfacesRelation Between Field and PotentialPotential Energy of a System of ChargesPotential Energy in an External FieldPotential Energy of a Single ChargePotential Energy of a System of Two Charges in an External FieldPotential Energy of a Dipole in an External FieldElectrostatics of ConductorsDielectrics and PolarizationCapacitors and CapacitanceThe Parallel Plate CapacitorEffect of Dielectric on CapacitanceCombination of CapacitorsEnergy Stored in a CapacitorVan De Graaff GeneratorSolved Examples for CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 2Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 2

Chapter3

Current Electricity

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 3 covers topics under "Current Electricity", including some of the basic laws related to steady electric currents, such as Ohm’s Law, Kirchoff’s Law, EMF and more. Some important questions and problems related to current electricity for class 12 are also covered in the chapter. Students are encouraged to go through the NCERT Solutions for a thorough understanding of the chapter. All the important questions for Class 12 Current Electricity chapter are prepared by subject matter experts and provide step-wise solutions for each, ensuring that students are well prepared for the exam. Topics Covered in Chapter 3: 1. Introduction 2. Electric Current 3. Electric Currents In Conductors 4. Ohm’s Law 5. Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity 6. Mobility 7. Limitations of Ohm’s Law 8. Resistivity of Various Materials 9. Temperature Dependence of Resistivity 10. Electrical Energy, Power 11. Combination of Resistors – Series and Parallel 12. Cells, Emf, Internal Resistance 13. Cells in Series and in Parallel 14. Kirchhoff’s Rules 15. Wheatstone Bridge 16. Meter Bridge 17. Potentiometer

IntroductionElectric CurrentElectric Currents in ConductorsOhm’s LawDrift of Electrons and the Origin of ResistivityMobilityLimitations Of Ohm’s LawResistivity Of Various MaterialsTemperature Dependence of ResistivityElectrical Energy, PowerCombination of Resistors – Series and ParallelCells, EMF, Internal ResistanceCells in Series and in ParallelKirchhoff’s RulesWheatstone BridgeMeter BridgePotentiometerFrequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 3

Chapter4

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Moving charges indicate electricity and this is the current topic of interest. The relationship between electricity and magnetism was noted with the alignment of a needle with respect to circuits carrying electricity. It was discovered that its alignment is tangent to an imagined circle with a straight wire in the centre and a plane perpendicular to the wire. When current is passed, however, the needle's orientation shifts. The formation of a magnetic field is thought to be caused by the movement of charges. Topics included in this chapter 1. Introduction 2. Magnetic Force 3. Sources And Fields 4. Magnetic Field, Lorentz Force 5. Magnetic Force On A current-carrying Conductor 6. Motion In A Magnetic Field 7. Motion In Combined Electric And Magnetic Fields 8. Velocity Selector 9. Cyclotron 10. Magnetic Field Due To A Current Element, Biot-savart Law 11. Magnetic Field On The Axis Of A Circular Current Loop 12. Ampere’s Circuital Law 13. The Solenoid And The Toroid 14. The Solenoid 15. The Toroid 16. Force Between Two Parallel Currents, The Ampere 17. Torque On Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole 18. Torque On A Rectangular Current Loop In A Uniform Magnetic Field 19. Circular Current Loop As A Magnetic Dipole 20. The Magnetic Dipole Moment Of A Revolving Electron 21. The Moving Coil Galvanometer

IntroductionMagnetic ForceSources and FieldsMotion in a Magnetic FieldMotion in Combined Electric and Magnetic FieldsMagnetic Field Due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart LawMagnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current LoopAmpere’s Circuital LawThe Solenoid and the ToroidForce Between Two Parallel Currents, The AmpereTorque on Current Loop, Magnetic DipoleThe Moving Coil GalvanometerSolved Examples for NCERT Solutions of Moving Charges and MagnetismFrequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 4

Chapter5

Magnetism and Matter

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 is now up on the MSVgo website. The solutions, prepared by experts in the industry, cover all the important concepts under the chapter Magnetism and Matter, including important definitions, laws, solved examples, and more. The class 12 physics chapter 5 notes are curated as per the latest syllabus and CBSE guidelines, and are therefore a reliable source to study from. The detailed solutions provide simple explanations, ensuring that students have a deep understanding of the chapter. Download the Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions from the MSVgo website to thoroughly prepare for the board exams. Topics included in this chapter: 1. Introduction 2. The Bar Magnet 3. Magnetism and Gauss’s Law 4. The Earth’s Magnetism 5. Magnetization and Magnetic Intensity 6. Magnetic Properties of Materials

IntroductionThe Bar MagnetGauss's Law of MagnetismEarth’s MagnetismMagnetisation and Magnetic IntensityMagnetic Properties of MaterialsFrequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 5

Chapter6

Electromagnetic Induction

The following Topics and Sub-Topics are covered in this chapter and are available on MSVgo:

IntroductionElectromagnetic InductionMagnetic FluxFaraday’s Law of Electromagnetic InductionLenz’s LawEddy CurrentsInductance

Chapter7

Alternating Current

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 is now available for download on the MSVgo website. The solutions cover topics under Alternating Current, including some important questions and problems related to the chapter. Nowadays, most of the electrical devices require AC voltage. Since AC voltage and circuits are widely used, 'Alternating Currents is an important topic to learn about. Students are strongly recommended to go through the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Alternating Currents chapter to prepare well for the exams, as all the important questions for the chapter are prepared as per the CBSE board standards, with step-wise solutions for each, ensuring students are studying only what is required for the exams. The solutions also provide easy-to-understand definitions, illustrations, diagrams, graphs and explanations, which are convenient for students to study from. Topics covered in this chapter: 1. Introduction 2. AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor 3. Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors 4. AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor 5. AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor 6. AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit 7. LC Oscillations 8. Transformers

IntroductionAC Voltage Applied to a ResistorRepresentation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — PhasorsAC Voltage Applied to an InductorAC Voltage Applied to a CapacitorAC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR CircuitLC OscillationsTransformersFrequently Asked Questions

Chapter8

Electromagnetic Waves

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 is now available for download on the MSVgo website. The solutions cover topics under Electromagnetic Waves, including important questions and problems related to the chapter. Students are strongly encouraged to make use of the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics to prepare thoroughly for the exams as the solutions provide in-depth explanations, formulas, easy-to-follow illustrations, and detailed answers to numerical problems and exercises. The solutions are curated as per the latest CBSE board syllabus by experts, due to which studying from the solutions ensures that the students’ preparation is aligned with the curriculum. Topics covered in this Chapter 1. Introduction 2. Displacement Current 3. Electromagnetic Waves a. Sources of electromagnetic waves b. Nature of electromagnetic waves 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum a. Radio waves b. Microwaves c. Infrared waves d. Visible rays e. Ultraviolet rays f. X-rays g. Gamma rays

IntroductionDisplacement CurrentElectromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic SpectrumFrequently Asked Questions

Chapter9

Ray optics and optical instruments

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 is now available for download on the MSVgo website. The solutions cover topics under the "Ray Optics and Optical Instruments" chapter, including important questions and problems. Ray Optics is defined as the study of the behavior of light and its characteristics. The topics included in this chapter are reflection, refraction of light, the laws of reflection and refraction, how light is reflected or refracted on different types of surfaces, and various optical instruments. Students will find the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments chapter extremely useful while studying for the exams as the solutions provide step-by-step answers to problems, formulas, derivations, and detailed answers to problems as well as exercises. The solutions have been curated by experts in accordance with the latest CBSE board syllabus. Download the solutions from the MSVgo website to start learning. Topics covered in this Chapter 1. Introduction 2. Reflection of Light By Spherical Mirrors a. Sign convention b. Focal Length of Spherical Mirrors c. The Mirror Equation 3. Refraction 4. Total Internal Reflection a. Total Internal Reflection in Nature and its Technological Applications 5. Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses a. Refraction at a Spherical Surface b. Refraction By a Lens c. Power of a Lens d. Combination of Thin Lenses in Contact 6. Refraction Through a Prism 7. Dispersion By a Prism 8. Some Natural Phenomena Due to Sunlight a. The Rainbow b. Scattering o Light 9. Optical Instruments a. The Eye b. The Microscope c. Telescope

IntroductionReflection of light by spherical mirrorsRefractionTotal Internal ReflectionRefraction at Spherical Surfaces and By LensesRefraction Through a PrismDispersion By a PrismSome Natural Phenomena Due to SunlightOptical InstrumentsFrequently Asked Questions

Chapter10

Wave Optics

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 is now available for download on the MSVgo website. It extensively covers the topics under the chapter Wave Optics, enabling students to thoroughly understand the lesson. The solutions provide detailed, step-wise solutions for the exercise questions, which will be useful if the student faces difficulty while solving a problem. Solving questions from the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Wave Optics chapter ensures the students’ learning is in line with the CBSE syllabus, therefore preparing them well for the exams. Going through the Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 of the NCERT Solutions not only gives an in-depth understanding of the lesson, but also boosts the students’ confidence in their knowledge of the subject matter. Topics covered in Chapter 10 Wave Optics NCERT Solutions 1. Introduction 2. Huygens Principle 3. Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves Using Huygens Principle a. Refraction of a Plane Wave b. Refraction at a Rarer Medium c. Reflection of a Plane Wave by a Plane Surface d. The Doppler Effect 4. Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves 5. Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment 6. Diffraction a. The Single Slit b. Seeing the Single Slit Diffraction Pattern c. Resolving Power of Optical Instruments d. The Validity of Ray Optics 7. Polarisation a. Polarisation by Scattering b. Polarisation by Reflection

IntroductionHuygens PrincipleRefraction and Reflection of Plane Waves Using Huygens PrincipleCoherent and Incoherent Addition of WavesInterference of Light Waves and Young’s ExperimentDiffractionPolarizationFrequently Asked Questions

Chapter11

Dual nature of Radiation and Matter

This dual nature of radiation and matter NCERT solutions is available in PDF format to assist CBSE students in achieving high scores in the board exams. Electricity conduction via gases, electric emission, Hertz's observation along with the observation of Hallwach and Lenard, and the practical photoelectric effect are all covered in detail. Furthermore, ideas such as the effect of light intensity on photocurrent, Einstein's photoelectric equation, photon particle nature of light, and wave nature of light have been briefly discussed. Topics covered in this Chapter: (content table) 1. Introduction 2. Electron Emission 3. Photoelectric Effect A. Hertz’s observations B. Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s observations 4. Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect A. Effect of intensity of light on photocurrent B. Effect of potential on photoelectric current C. Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential 5. Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light Ex 6. Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation 7. Particle Nature of Light: The Photon 8. Wave Nature of Matter

IntroductionElectron EmissionPhotoelectric EffectExperimental Study Of Photoelectric EffectPhotoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light ExEinstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of RadiationParticle Nature of Light: The PhotonWave Nature of MatterSolved Examples for CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 11FAQs

Chapter12

Atoms

Atoms class 12 NCERT solutions introduces the concept of atoms and makes advanced concepts easier to learn and understand. This helps students approach NEET and JEE with confidence. Topics covered: 1. Introduction 2. Alpha-Particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom 3. Alpha-Particle Trajectory 4. Electron Orbits 5. Atomic Spectra 6. Spectral Series 7. Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom 8. Energy Levels 9. The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom 10. De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation

IntroductionAlpha-Particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of AtomAlpha-Particle TrajectoryElectron OrbitsAtomic SpectraSpectral SeriesBohr's Model of The Hydrogen AtomEnergy LevelsThe Line Spectra of the Hydrogen AtomDe Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of QuantisationSolved ExamplesFAQs

Chapter13

Nuclei

The class 12 physics nuclei NCERT solutions are offered here to assist students in their preparations for the CBSE Class 12 second term exams. Curated by subject specialists, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics is in accordance with the most recent term – II CBSE Syllabus for 2021-22 and its recommendations. Students can use these methods to make the most of their preparations. Topics covered in this Chapter: 1. Introduction 2. Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus 3. Size of the Nucleus 4. Mass–Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy a. Mass–energy b. Nuclear binding energy 5. Nuclear Force 6. Radioactivity a. Law of radioactive decay b. Alpha decay c. Beta-decay d. Gamma decay 7. Nuclear Energy a. Fission b. Nuclear reactor c. Nuclear fusion – energy generation in stars d. Controlled thermonuclear fusion

IntroductionAtomic Masses and Composition of NucleusSize of the NucleusMass-energy and Nuclear Binding EnergyNuclear ForceRadioactivityNuclear EnergySolved Examples for Class 12 Nuclei NCERT SolutionsFAQs

Chapter14

Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices and Simple Circuits

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 14 Physics is now available for download on the MSVgo website. The solutions cover topics closely related to Semiconductors, including important questions, definitions, theroems, illustrations and more. The solutions are created by experts in the industry and are aligned with the CBSE board syllabus. Students are highly encouraged to use the solutions to study Physics Chapter 14 thoroughly as they are a one-stop solution for exam preparation. Download the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 14 Physics from the MSVgo website and go through all the worked examples to boost confidence in the chapter. Topics covered in this Chapter 1. Introduction 2. Classification of Metals, Conductors, and Semiconductors 3. Intrinsic Semiconductor 4. Extrinsic Semiconductor 5. P-N Junction a. P-N Junction Formation 6. Semiconductor Diode a. P-N Junction Diode Under Forward Bias b. P-N Junction Diode Under Reverse Bias 7. Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier 8. Special Purpose P-N Junction Diodes a. Zener Diode b. Optoelectronic Junction Devices 9. Junction Transistor a. Transistor: Structure and Action b. Basic Transistor Circuit Configurations and Transistor Characteristics c. Transistor as a Device d. Transistor as an Amplifier (CE-Configuration) e. Feedback Amplifier and Transistor Oscillator 10. Digital Electronics and Logic Gates a. Logic Gates 11. Integrated Circuits

IntroductionClassification of Metals, Conductors and SemiconductorsIntrinsic SemiconductorExtrinsic SemiconductorP-N JunctionSemiconductor DiodeApplication of Junction Diode as a RectifierSpecial Purpose P-n Junction DiodesJunction TransistorDigital Electronics And Logic GatesIntegrated CircuitsFrequently Asked Questions

Chapter15

CBSE, Grade 12, Physics