There are two kinds of diseases:

• Infectious
• Non-infectious diseases 

1. Infectious Diseases
   Communicable Diseases are diseases that transmit from one human to another. Pathogens, which are microorganisms, are generally to blame (fungi, viruses, protozoans, rickettsia, bacteria, worms). Pathogens can escape the host and infect a new individual when an infected person discharges bodily fluids (sneeze, cough, etc). Chickenpox, malaria, cholera, among other diseases, are examples.
2. Non-infectious Diseases
   Pathogens cause these diseases, but they are often influenced by other variables such as age, dietary deficiency, ethnicity, and lifestyle. Hypertension, asthma, and cancer are only a few examples. Non-infectious diseases do not spread to anyone and keep an individual who has contracted them in check. Non-infectious disorders include Alzheimer’s, diabetes, cataracts, and heart disease.

The process by which a pathogen spreads from one host to another is known as transmission. Infections and diseases may be spread in a variety of forms. It can be passed from person to person or transmitted by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi. There are two different ways for pathogens to spread: 

1. When a pathogen is transmitted directly from an infected person, this is known as direct transmission. For example, if the blood of a Hepatitis B infected patient comes into contact with an open wound, the wounded person may contract the disease. 
2. Indirect transmission occurs when pathogens are spread through vectors such as flies, mosquitoes, ticks, dogs, and other animals rather than directly from the infected person.

There are two methods for preventing a disease: 

1. General Strategies
   And the environment we work in, sanitary standards should be upheld. By having fewer cramped living spaces, airborne microbe exposure can be limited.
   To avoid water-borne infections, safe drinking water should be accessible.
   Provide a sterile place to keep mosquitoes from spawning. This helps to keep vector-borne pathogens away.
2. Specific Methods
   Microbes are usually fought by the immune system. The immune system’s cells are trained to eliminate contagious microbes. That’s why we don’t all get ill when we come into touch with someone who is contagious. These cells are activated as soon as an antigen reaches the body.

To remain well, a balanced diet includes a variety of foods in appropriate quantities. It is important for a balanced body and mind. A single meal does not have any of the necessary nutrients. According to nutritionists, a healthy, well-balanced diet is important for promoting optimal health and healthy body weight. A poor diet causes malnourishment in the body, whereas an excessive diet causes weight gain, diabetes, obesity, and other diet-related diseases.

Personal hygiene includes keeping one’s body clean, consuming clean water, washing fruits and vegetables before dining, and washing one’s hands, among other things. Public sanitation applies to the correct disposal of waste and excreta, which includes waste separation and recycling, routine disinfection, and the upkeep of the city’s water reservoir. In order to avoid infections, kitchen hygiene is highly necessary.

Chemical pollutants, such as particulates, are not necessarily the source of pollution (like smoke and dust). Sound, fire, and light are all forms of energy that may pollute the environment. Pollutants are compounds that pollute the environment. 

Pollution has an effect on the ecological balance, also in minute numbers. Pollutants may work their way up the food chain and through the human body. 

High levels of air contamination may raise the likelihood of heart failure, wheezing, coughing, and respiratory problems, as well as inflammation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Heart attacks, asthma, and other respiratory disorders may also be aggravated by air emissions.

In this chapter, we learned about the importance of health and hygiene. We learned about the types of diseases, Bacterial And Viral Disease & Community Health and their prevention methods.

1. What is the significance of hygiene and health?
   Both health and social reasons necessitate good personal hygiene. It includes keeping the face, arms, and body clean to prevent germs and infection from spreading. Personal hygiene improves your own well-being while still having an effect on the lives of those around you.
2. What is the differentiation between hygiene and health?
   The key distinction between Health and Hygiene is that Health refers to a degree of functional or metabolic quality in a living person, while Hygiene refers to a collection of activities used to maintain health. Hygiene is a series of procedures used to keep one’s health in good shape.
3. What is the difference between the two styles of hygiene?
   The Different Types Of Hygiene
   Personal hygiene.
   Environmental hygiene.
4. What is the concept of poor hygiene?
   Self-neglect, or the inability or refusal to attend to one’s personal needs, may manifest itself in poor hygiene.
5. What is an illustration of hygienic practice?
   A restaurant that requires all of its workers to wash their hands after using the toilet is an illustration of hygiene.