Electricity is a phenomenon that takes place when electric charges are stable or moving. A fundamental particle, an electron, a proton, an ion, or some wider entity with excess positive and negative charges could be the cause of the electric charge. Like charges repel each other while positive and negative charges attract each other (e.g., protons attract electrons).

The physical effect caused by a moving electric charge is known as magnetism. A magnetic field may also cause excited particles to move, resulting in the generation of an electric current. The electric and magnetic components of an electromagnetic stream (like light) are also present. The wave’s two components move in an identical course but at a normal angle to each other.

Ohm’s rule is one of the most central and essential principles in electric circuits. 

If both physical parameters and temperature stay unchanged, Ohm’s law notes that the voltage through a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

V = IR, 

where V is the voltage through the conductor, I is the current flowing through it, and R is the resistance to the current flow given by the conductor.

• Description of electric power
  This quantity is measured in terms of the rate at which work is performed or the energy converted in an electrical circuit. Simply stated, it calculates how much electricity is consumed in a given time frame.
  In physics, the rate of energy transferred through an electrical circuit per unit of time is known as ‘energy’. Electrical energy may be used in the context of kinetic or potential energy. In most situations, the kinetic energy is considered and is the energy accumulated attributable to the charged particles or electric fields having different speeds. Electrical power is usually expressed by ‘P’ and calculated in Watts.
• Description of electric energy
  Electricity is electrical energy that is generated by potential or kinetic energy. In general, it is referred to as the sum of electric potential capacity. Electrical energy is described as the energy that is produced by the movement of electrons from one position to another. a current or a wave of charged particles takes place as part of a passage through a medium (say, wire).
• Household circuits
  Electrical wiring for lighting and power delivery, permanently mounted and portable equipment, telecommunications, heating or ventilation device operation, and increasingly for home theatre and computer networks are all common in homes.
  Electricity from a power station is delivered by two wires—live and neutral. A domestic circuit is made up of three wires—a live wire (red), a neutral wire (black), and an earth wire (yellow) (green). Any current that spills into equipment passes harmlessly to earth via the earth cable.
• Electromagnetic induction
  Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically defined it as Faraday’s rule of induction.
  Electromagnetic induction is a current produced by the creation of voltage (electromotive force) in the presence of a shifting magnetic field.
  When a conductor is put in a moving magnetic field (using an AC power source), or when a conductor is continuously running in a stationary magnetic field, this arises.
• Fleming’s Left-Hand rule
  “If a current-carrying conductor is mounted in an outside magnetic domain, the conductor feels a force perpendicular to both the field and the path of the current flow,” according to Fleming’s left-hand law. John Ambrose Fleming was the one who came up with the idea.
  When a moving conductor is put within a magnetic field, a current is produced in it, according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. There will be a relationship between the position of applied power, magnetic field, and current if the conductor is violently pushed within the magnetic field. It is mostly used in the operation of electric motors.
  The rule’s key objective is to establish the direction of motion in an electric motor. The direction of motion in an electric motor is defined by Fleming’s left-hand rule, which is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
• Fleming’s Right-Hand rule
  According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, when a moving conductor is put within a magnetic field, a current is produced in it. Fleming’s right-hand law specifies the interaction between all three paths.
  The direction of motion is indicated by the thumb; the magnetic field is indicated by the forefinger, and the middle finger indicates the generated current.

In this chapter, we learned about the basics of electricity and magnetism. We observed the magnetic effect of a current.

1. What is the relationship between electricity and magnetism?
   Flowing electrons create a magnetic field, and rotating magnets create an electric current. The interaction between these two powerful forces is known as electromagnetism. 
2. What part do electricity and magnetism perform in our lives?
   Computers and motors are all driven by electricity. A compass is formed by magnetism. 
3. Is magnetism an electrical phenomenon?
   Magnets’ properties are used to generate energy. 
4. What is the source of magnetism?
   The acceleration of electric charges induced magnetism. 
5. Is magnetism a field of physics?
   Physics is an area of research that deals thoroughly with magnetism.